The LSR L32 operates according to the following measurement principle: The temperature of the sample is controlled by a built-in heater in the sample holder. An optional liquid nitrogen cooling system can thus lower the ambient temperature to approximately -160°C.
This allows for the measurement of the Seebeck coefficients in the range between -150°C and 180°C. The TC wires make contact with the sample orthogonal to the direction of the temperature gradient. Both contact points should be at the same temperature. This method measures the surface temperature of the sample, not the temperature of a TC bead pressed against the sample surface.
In this way, it is also irrelevant whether the temperature of the sample surface is affected by the TC wires, which transfer heat to and from the sample.
