The Heat Flow Meter method (HFM) is based on the fundamental principle of heat transfer through a material. A sample is placed between two plates with defined temperatures – one with a warm surface and one with a cold surface

The return of a spacecraft to the Earth’s atmosphere is one of the most thermally demanding phases of a mission. During atmospheric re-entry, temperatures of over 1500 °C occur on the outside of the vehicle, caused by shock waves, frictional heat and plasma effects in the high atmosphere.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), widely known under the trade name Teflon, has long since developed from its original application as a non-stick coating for cookware into one of the most important high-performance technical materials.

In preclinical drug development, everything revolves around understanding molecular interactions. Whether protein-ligand complexes, antibody-antigen binding or enzyme-inhibitor interactions – for the selection and optimization of biopharmaceutical active ingredients, it is not just whether a molecule binds, but how well, how strongly and why it binds.

The development of efficient and long-lasting batteries requires a detailed understanding of the thermophysical properties of cell components. Especially when characterizing lithium iron phosphate (LFP), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and solid electrolytes, the precise measurement of thermal parameters is crucial in order to understand and control ageing mechanisms and efficiency losses during charging and discharging cycles.

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) are revolutionizing modern materials science with their unique ability to combine the best properties of two polymer worlds. They combine the elastic flexibility of conventional rubber materials with the processing-friendly meltability of thermoplastics and have thus become a key technology in a wide range of technical and everyday applications.

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a key method in pharmaceutical and medical analysis for quantitatively monitoring the moisture behavior and stability of materials such as gelatine capsules under real storage conditions.

The use of zeolitic sorption materials for heat storage is a forward-looking approach in the energy sector, as they offer high storage energy densities and reversible charging/discharging behavior.

Evolved gas analysis in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (EGA-FTIR) is an established method for analyzing the thermal stability and emissions of additives in thermoplastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA).

Material innovations in the field of organic semiconductors (P3HT, PEDOT:PSS), MoS₂ and graphene are core areas of modern research and development. Thin-film technologies open up a wide range of possible applications, from flexible electronics to energy-efficient sensors.

The glass transition temperature (Tg) marks the transition of a thermoplastic from a brittle, glass-like state to a rubber-like behavior.

Lightweight construction is considered a strategic driver of innovation in numerous high-tech industries—from aerospace and electromobility to power electronics.

In the field of technical ceramics, the targeted influencing of material properties through controlled sintering atmospheres plays a central role.

In the course of industrial decarbonization, the efficient use of thermal energy is increasingly becoming the focus of energy technology.

Catalysts are at the heart of many industrial processes, whether in chemical synthesis, exhaust gas treatment, or energy storage.

Thermal expansion is the change in a material’s dimensions due to temperature changes – a key factor in construction, engineering, and materials research.

Nanomaterials are an integral part of modern key technologies. They are used in areas such as nanoelectronics, battery technology, medical technology and the energy industry.

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a process for building complex structures layer by layer.

Alloys are metallic materials that play a central role in modern technology and industry. They are created by combining at least two elements, one of which is always a metal.

Epoxy resin is a versatile and high-performance reactive resin that is used in numerous application areas such as the electrical industry, construction and the manufacture of fiber composites.

Porous carbon materials, in particular carbon aerogels, are the focus of current research. These materials are characterized by an extremely low thermal conductivity, which is mainly due to their porous structure and low bulk density.

The glass transition temperature Tg is a point on the temperature scale at which a polymer or glass changes into a rubbery, viscous state. However, this is not the same as the melting point.

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are used in the field of electronics to ensure efficient heat dissipation and prevent local temperature overloads.

The Seebeck effect enables the direct conversion of heat into electrical energy.

A dilatometer is a measuring device for recording the thermal expansion of a material sample. The thermal expansion coefficient (CTE = Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) is calculated from the measurement results.

The properties of solids depend to a large extent on the arrangement of the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up the substances. If the arrangement is random, the substances are amorphous. In crystalline substances, the particles are arranged at regular intervals and in a fixed pattern.

Materials that are processed in a liquid aggregate state generally require a certain amount of time to harden.

The specific heat capacity (cp), often referred to as specific heat, is a fundamental thermophysical property of a material. It says something about the ability to store thermal energy.

The specific heat capacity is a fundamental thermophysical property of materials and is useful for assessing materials and their areas of application. It can be determined using dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Characterization of photovoltaic materials – The charge carrier mobility in semiconductor materials is an important parameter for their usability in solar cells.

Correct calibration of a DSC – Why is correct calibration so important? Thermoanalytical measurements are often used in quality assurance;

Melting point, crystallization and glass transition in polymers – The change in the aggregate state of a solid from solid to liquid is called melting.

The specific heat capacity cp, thermal diffusivity a and thermal conductivity λ are important thermophysical material properties for characterizing the thermal conductivity of materials.

A dilatometer can be used to determine phase transitions in materials, as a phase change is also accompanied by a change in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the material.

A plastic is thermally stable if it does not decompose under the influence of temperature. The opposite of thermostability is thermolability.

In cooperation with Linseis Messgeräte GmbH and RECENDT GmbH (Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH), a real-time grain size determination system based on a dilatometer system (DIL L78/RITA) and an adapted laser-ultrasonic system (LUS) was developed.

Melting describes the phase transition of a substance from a solid state to a liquid state.

Crystallization describes the transition of a substance into a crystalline state. This can occur from the gas phase, solid phase or liquid phase.

As the mass-specific energy density of hydrogen (33.3 kWh/kg) is one of the highest of all fuels, the use of hydrogen for mobility and as an energy storage medium was and is of great interest.

The specific heat capacity indicates the ability of a substance to store heat. This material quantity corresponds to the amount of heat required to heat a certain amount of a substance by one Kelvin.

A second heat reservoir is the simple increase in temperature without a phase change. For such applications, the specific heat capacity of the storage material and its density should be high.

The thermal contact resistance characterizes the transfer of heat at the interface between two solids.

Ceramics are used in many areas of industry. As a rule, ceramics are first formed as green bodies from raw mass before this “green body” is then treated in a special way and fired (so-called sintering).

Injection molding, often also referred to as injection molding or injection molding process, which is based on primary molding. The injection molding machine liquefies the plastic in granulate form.

Whenever objects with different temperatures are in physical contact or are in the area of radiant influences, heat exchange takes place.

Biomass is one of the main pillars of the global energy transition and the development of sustainable materials. It comprises all organic matter of plant, animal or microbial origin that is present in a given ecosystem at a given time.

Thermoelectric materials can convert heat directly into electrical energy. This property is based on the Seebeck effect, in which a temperature difference applied to a material generates a voltage.

In general, the thermal conductivity of the expression is the amount of heat that flows through a 1x1x1m cube of a material within 1 second if there is a temperature gradient of exactly 1 K between two opposite sides.

Metals are used almost everywhere in many industrial sectors for a wide variety of purposes.

Raman spectroscopy is a technique for investigating molecules and determining their structure and dynamics.

The thermal expansion of materials can lead to major economic damage. In the construction industry, for example, expansion joints must be provided to compensate for changes in length due to temperature fluctuations.

Thermal management is a decisive factor in electronic devices, as overheating of components can lead to failures. The aim is therefore to transfer the heat generated by the electronics to a cooling device, e.g. a heat sink or heat sink.

The deformation of metals is a crucial process in modern industry, with a wide range of applications from automotive manufacturing to aerospace.

What is a phase transition – Materials can be categorized and described in different ways. This can be based on their external appearance, certain physical parameters or more subjective impressions such as smell or taste.

The investigation of the Hall effect of a material is used specifically to determine the Hall coefficient as well as the charge carrier concentration, the charge carrier type and the mobility.

Polyamides often present themselves as semi-crystalline materials with a mixture of ordered, crystalline structures and disordered, amorphous areas.

There are few phenomena in the world of metallurgy that are as fascinating and at the same time as practical as martensitic transformation.

Metallurgy is a science that is as old as civilization itself. Yet despite its ancient roots, it remains a field at the forefront of innovation.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene (PE) are both types of polyethylene, but they have different properties due to differences in production.

The main difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions lies in the heat exchange with the environment.

Polyethylene terephthalate, commonly referred to as PET, occupies an important place in numerous industrial and commercial productions.

Polyvinyl chloride, also known as PVC, is a versatile thermoplastic that plays an important role in many industrial and commercial sectors.

Polystyrene, also known as polystyrene, is a widely used polymer produced by the polymerization of styrene.

Low density polyethylene, LDPE, is a thermoplastic polymer made from the monomer ethylene. It is a highly branched plastic.

Oxidation is a chemical process that takes place when electrons are lost from a molecule, atom or ion.

Molten salts are stable at high temperatures above 300 °C and exhibit remarkable thermal properties.

Semiconductors with a larger energy gap (Eg) than conventional semiconductors, typically in the range above 2 eV, are referred to as wide bandgap semiconductors (WbGs).

Heat spreaders are thermally conductive objects that act as a bridge between a heat source and a heat exchanger.

Vespel™, developed by DuPont, is a high-performance polymer known for its ability to withstand extreme thermal, electrical and mechanical stresses.

Semiconductors with a larger energy gap (Eg) than conventional semiconductors, typically in the range above 2 eV, are referred to as Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors (WbG’s).