STA L81: Combined Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimeter
The LINSEIS STA L81 is a high-end system for simultaneous high-performance thermal analysis (TG-DSC) with dynamic differential calorimetry functions. This versatile instrument is ideal for measuring thermal stability, phase transitions, oxidation/reduction reactions, and decomposition processes across a wide range of materials and industries. With interchangeable furnaces from -150 °C to 2400 °C and sample capacities up to 35 g, the STA L81 delivers outstanding flexibility, precision, and reliability.
Unique Features
Electronic upgrade
The new measuring electronics offer significant performance improvements, inspired by the architecture of the “Linseis Digital Balance”.
The advantages of this new digital balance architecture include:
- Minimization of drift
Ensures consistently high precision over long periods of time. - Improved resolution
Unique sub-microgram resolution. - Highest accuracy
Improves the reliability of your measurement results. - Reproducibility
Ensures consistent results with repeated measurements.
New hardware features
- Tri-Couple DTA measuring system
DTA measuring system with three thermocouples for the smallest endo-/exothermic effects in inhomogeneous samples - Jacketed DTA measuring system for corrosive samples
Designed for challenging sample environments, the jacketed DTA setup provides an added layer of protection against corrosive gases and aggressive decomposition products. It ensures long-term durability of the sensor system and accurate heat flow measurements, even when analyzing highly reactive or contaminating substances. - Patented “Forced Flow” method
Enables forced flow through your TG or TG-DTA. Our system enables a forced flow through the sample, whereby up to 100 % of the reaction gas is supplied directly to the sample.
This novel method enables scalable measurements for the first time, allowing precise analysis under real conditions.
Design improvements
The new device design is characterized by an elegant aluminium housing that is both robust and aesthetically pleasing.
The LED status bar provides a user-friendly visualization of important information.
A touch panel enables intuitive operation and contributes to a modern user experience that combines convenience and functionality.
The new device design focuses on ergonomic operation.
Linseis Lab Link
With Linseis Lab Link, we offer an integrated solution for eliminating uncertainties in measurement results.
With direct access to our application experts via the software, you can receive advice on the correct measurement procedure and how to evaluate the results.
This direct communication ensures optimal results and maximizes the efficiency of your measurements for accurate analysis and research and a smooth process flow.
Software Improvements
- Lex Bus Plug & Play
Our latest hardware interface Lex Bus revolutionizes the way data is communicated within our systems.
Lex Bus enables the seamless and efficient integration of new hardware and software tools. - Improved oven control
Our new and further improved oven control offers more precise temperature control, which leads to better measurement results through a better temperature sequence according to your wishes and requirements. - New software with user interface
Our communication is now even more focused on the needs of our customers, so that you are always informed about the current status and receive support whenever it is needed. - Process security
We have optimized our software for process security so that your data is protected at all times and can be processed in a fail-safe manner. - Error messages and bug fixes
Our system automatically detects errors and bugs, which are immediately documented and rectified to minimize downtime. - Automatic updates and new functions
Our software receives regular automatic updates that not only improve security, but also continuously provide new functions. - Permanent system monitoring
Our software constantly monitors the system parameters to ensure optimum performance. - Preventive maintenance and problem detection
Our preventive maintenance approach detects problems and wear before they can cause damage and keeps your device in top shape.
Automatic evacuation
The devices feature a built-in automatic evacuation capability, ensuring efficient processes and smooth operation.
Evolved gas analysis & gas safety system
Optional gas analysis with MS, FTIR, or GCMS provides valuable additional insights. The system supports standalone or integrated MFCs for precise gas dosing, and can be customized with options like a heated inlet. A flexible gas safety system enables the safe use of gases such as hydrogen or carbon dioxide.
Highlights
High-resolution DTA
(3 thermocouples)
Accessories starter kit
Sample robot
Large temperature range
Shielded DTA
for corrosive
applications
Vacuum and controlled atmosphere
Automatic evacuation
and calibration
Key features
Wide temperature range
-150 °C to 2400 °C The LINSEIS STA instruments can be equipped with up to two furnaces at the same time. A broad variety of different furnaces are available to enable measurements in the widest temperature range on the market.
Sample robot
Our STA L81 can be equiped with a proven sample robot for unattended sample measurements for highest throughput.
Vacuum and controlled atmosphere
- Supports high vacuum, inert, reducing, oxidizing, or humidified atmospheres
- Optional pressurization up to 5 bar overpressure
- Analysis of certain corrosive conditions with precautions
- Adaptability for residual gas analysis with optional heated capillary
Integrated LINSEIS platform
The integrated LINSEIS software offers a comprehensive solution, combining both hardware and software for maximum process security and precision. By providing a unified platform, it ensures seamless integration of components and devices from external partners, resulting in a highly robust system.
Questions? We're just a call away!
+1 (609) 223 2070
+49 (0) 9287/880 0
Our service is available Monday to
Thursday from 8 am to 4 pm
and Friday from 8 am to 12 pm.
We are here for you!
Specifications
12 different furnaces available
Temperature range: -150 °C to 2400 °C
22 different sensors available
Discover our high-performance Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer – engineered for maximum flexibility and precision:
- Heating rate: 0.01 up to 100 K/min (as low as 0.001 K/min on request)
- Temperature precision: 0.001 K
- Atmospheres: Vacuum down to 10⁻⁵ mbar (depends on pump), pressure up to 5 bar (optional)
- Balance resolution: 0.01 / 0.02 / 0.1 μg
- Sensor options: TG, TG-DTA, TG-DSC with E / K / S / B / C sensors (C = DTA only)
High-Temperature Specialist
The tungsten furnace of the STA L81 is your reliable solution for ultra-high-temperature applications up to 2400 °C. Unlike graphite, which can react with many samples at elevated temperatures, tungsten offers chemical stability even under challenging conditions. Ideal for sensitive materials, this furnace ensures accurate results without unwanted interactions. Designed for robustness and performance, it is the go-to option when high temperatures and sample compatibility matter most.
Recommended Equipment
EGA - Evolved Gas Analysis
Gas Dosing & Gas Safety
Water Vapor & Relative Humidity
Method
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) combines Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in a single measurement. It enables parallel detection of mass changes and thermal effects under identical conditions, using the same sample.
This simultaneous approach avoids discrepancies caused by variations in sample geometry, heating rate, or atmosphere. Since both signals are recorded concurrently, results are directly comparable and support accurate interpretation of complex thermal events.
STA helps distinguish between thermal processes with and without mass changes. DSC detects melting, crystallization, or phase transitions, while TG provides data on decomposition, oxidation, or evaporation. This dual detection offers a detailed view of multi-step or overlapping reactions.
Moreover, correlating TG and DSC signals allows for enthalpy corrections based on mass loss, enhancing quantitative accuracy. STA is especially valuable for analyzing advanced materials, polymers, pharmaceuticals, and inorganics—offering efficient, reproducible thermal analysis in one experiment.
Operating Principle of the STA L81
The STA L81 performs Simultaneous Thermal Analysis by combining thermogravimetric and calorimetric measurements in a single process. The sample is placed in a crucible and subjected to a precisely controlled heating or cooling program.
Throughout the temperature cycle, the STA L81 continuously records two key parameters:
Mass change – Any weight loss or gain caused by decomposition, oxidation, or release of volatile components is measured with high sensitivity.
Heat flow – Thermal events such as melting, crystallization, or phase transitions are detected through changes in heat absorption or release.
By collecting both signals simultaneously from the same sample under identical conditions, the STA L81 enables detailed analysis of thermal behavior and material composition. This method ensures high data quality and direct correlation between thermal effects and weight changes.
Properties of Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Thermal analysis options provided by DSC:
- Specific heat capacity (Cp)
- Melting/crystallization behvior
- Glass transition
- Level of crystallinity
- Oxidation stability
- Change in heat flow
- Endothermic and exothermic transitions
- Determination of enthalpy
Properties Range of Thermogravimetry
Thermal analysis options provided by Thermogravimetry:
- Mass changes
- Decomposition
- Oxidation behavior
- Thermal stability
- Corrosion studies
Leading with the STA L81 – Flexible Options for Every Need
Questions? We're just a call away!
+1 (609) 223 2070
+49 (0) 9287/880 0
Our service is available Monday to
Thursday from 8 am to 4 pm
and Friday from 8 am to 12 pm.
We are here for you!
STA L81 Explained – Function, Use, and Capabilities
Beam Balance
Forced Flow
Forced-flow offers several advantages in the
investigation of gas/solid phase reactions
Patent pending
- Controlled Conditions: Precise control of reaction conditions for a reproducible environment.
- Faster Reaction Times: Acceleration of slow reactions through continuous flow.
- Better Mixing: Uniform distribution of reactants for improved reaction kinetics.
- Continuous Analysis: Enables real-time monitoring and control of the reaction.
- Scalability: Easier adaptation to different volumes and flow rates for optimized production.
The Forced-Flow principle is available for both, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The Forced-Flow principle extends its capabilities to the fields of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, potentially leading to improved investigative methods and more accurate results.
Oxidation rates of copper with different gas supplies
What Sensors are available?
Which Furnace programs are available?
TEMPERATURE | TYPE | ELEMENT | ATMOSPHERE | TC-TYPE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -70°C – 400°C | L81/24/RCF | Hanging only, Intracooler / Kanthal | inert, oxide, red, vac. | K |
| -150°C – 500°C | L81/24/500 | Kanthal | inert, oxide, red, vac. | K |
| -150°C – 700°C | L81/24/700 | Kanthal | inert, oxide, red, vac. | K |
| -150°C – 1000°C | L81/24/1000 | Kanthal | inert, oxide, red, vac. | K |
| RT – 1000°C | L81/20AC | SiC | inert, oxide, red, vac. | K |
| RT – 1600°C | L81/20AC | SiC | inert, oxide, red, vac. | S |
| RT – 1750°C | L81/250 | MoSi2 | inert, oxide, red, vac. | B |
| RT – 2000°C | L81/20/G/2000 | graphite | inert, red, vac. | C |
| RT – 2400°C | L81/20/G/2400 | graphite | inert, red, vac. | Pyrometer |
| RT – 2800°C | L81/20/G/2800 | graphite | inert, red, vac. | Pyrometer |
| RT – 2400°C | L81/20/T | Tungsten | inert, red | C |
| RT – 1000°C | L81/200 | Glow igniter | inert, oxide, red, vac. | S/K |
Software
Making values visible and comparable
All LINSEIS thermoanalytical devices are software-controlled.
The individual software modules run exclusively under Microsoft® Windows® operating systems.
The complete software consists of 3 modules: temperature control, data acquisition and data evaluation.
The Windows® software contains all the essential functions for preparing, carrying out and evaluating a thermoanalytical measurement.
Thanks to our specialists and application experts, LINSEIS was able to develop a comprehensive, easy-to-understand and user-friendly software.
Features software
- Program suitable for text editing
- Data backup in the event of a power failure
- Thermocouple breakage protection
- Repeat measurements with minimal
parameter input - Evaluation of the current measurement
- Curve comparison up to 50 curves
- Saving and exporting evaluations
- Export and import of ASCII data
- Data export to MS Excel
- Multi-method analysis (DSC TG, TMA, DIL, etc.)
- Zoom function
- 1 and 2 Derivation
- Curve arithmetic
- Statistical evaluation package
- Automatic calibration
- Optional kinetics and service life prediction
- Software packages
TG features:
- Mass change in % and mg
- Rate-controlled mass loss (RCML)
- Evaluation of the mass loss
- Residual mass evaluation
- “Notes on dynamic TGA measurement” (optional, chargeable service)
HDSC features:
- Glass transition temperature
- Complex peak evaluation
- Multi-point calibration for sample temperature
- Multi-point calibration for the enthalpy change
- Cp calibration for the heat flow
- Signal-controlled measuring methods
Linseis Thermal Library
The LINSEIS Thermal Library software package is an option for the well-known, user-friendly LINSEIS Platinum evaluation software, which is integrated in almost all our devices.
The Thermal Library allows you to compare the complete curves with a database containing thousands of references and standard materials in just 1-2 seconds.
Multi-instrument
All LINSEIS instruments DSC, DIL, STA, HFM, LFA, etc. can be controlled via a software template.
Multilingual
Our software is available in many different user-interchangeable languages, such as: English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, etc.
Report generator
Convenient template selection for creating individual measurement reports.
Multi-user
The administrator can set up different user levels with different rights to operate the device.
An optional log file is also available.
Kinetic software
Kinetic analysis of DSC, DTA, TGA data to investigate the thermal behavior of raw materials and products.
Database
The state-of-the-art database enables simple data management with up to 1000 data records.
Applications
Automotive and Aerospace
Thermophysical measurement methods are essential tools in research and development across the transportation and aerospace sectors — including automotive, aviation, satellite technology, and crewed space missions. These techniques support critical activities such as component testing, quality assurance, process optimization, and failure analysis.
During operation, vehicles are subjected to a wide range of environmental conditions, which can impact both their appearance and performance over time. The climatic simulations and thermal analysis provided by our instruments are crucial for understanding these effects and improving product durability. This includes, for example, the precise measurement of thermal diffusivity in materials such as rubber.
Application example: Decomposition of CaC2O4 • H2O
The evolved gases from the decomposition of calcium oxalate has been fed into the mass spectrometer with a heated capillary. The ion currents for mass numbers 18 (water), 28 (carbon monoxide) and 44 (carbon dioxide) have been imported into the graph.
Building Materials
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) offers an effective solution for the characterization of construction materials such as concrete, cement, mortar, plaster, and other mineral-based products. It enables detailed investigation of glass transitions in modified glass, binder burnout, decomposition behavior, cement hydration processes, and material expansion or shrinkage.
In contrast to separate measurements with individual instruments, STA allows for simultaneous detection of both mass change and heat flow within a single experiment. This ensures a precise correlation of thermogravimetric (TGA) and calorimetric (DSC) data under identical test conditions.
By capturing both thermal and mass-related processes in real time and under the same atmosphere and heating profile, STA provides reliable, time-efficient, and comprehensive insights into the thermal behavior of complex building materials.
Application example: Cement
The main parts of cement are tri calcium silicate, di calcium silicate and tri calcium aluminates. Hydrates slowly form after mixing cement with water. The absorbed water evaporates first. Hydrates of the calcium silicate decompose at 570 °C. The hydroxides of calcium, magnesium and aluminum follow. Subsequently, CO2 splits off from calcium carbonate.
Metals and Alloys
Metals used in industrial applications must meet specific property requirements based on their intended function. Characteristics such as hardness, mechanical strength, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, as well as resistance to oxidation and corrosion, must align with the operational demands to ensure durability and long service life.
Since pure metals often fall short of these requirements, they are commonly alloyed with other elements – including metals, semi-metals, or non-metals. These combinations, known as alloys, exhibit enhanced material properties and enable a broader range of technical applications.
Thermophysical measurement techniques allow for the analysis of key material behaviors such as phase transitions, crystallization temperatures, changes in physical state, and the thermal stability of raw materials used in sheet metal, substrates, and other metallurgical products. Additional measurable parameters include specific heat capacity, linear thermal expansion, and melting point.
Application example: STA L81 – Determination of the melting behavior of aluminium oxide (Al203) in high temperature applications
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) is characterised by its high melting temperature of 2070°C, which makes it an ideal material for high-temperature applications up to 2000°C. Among other things, it is used in thermal analyses as a reference for melting behaviour, as in the following measurement of aluminium oxide with an STA L81 (TG combined with simultaneous DSC or DTA).
Application example: STA L81 – Melt anaylsis of palladium
Palladium, a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal, is analyzed in thermal analysis due to its high melting point and distinctive thermophysical properties.
In the laboratory, palladium was measured using the STA L81 system, producing the melting curve depicted. The measurement was performed at a rate of 5 K/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, utilizing 5.6 mg of palladium wire. The resulting DTA curve demonstrates a distinct endothermic peak, indicative of the melting process of palladium, with an onset at 1554.3°C and an offset at 1559.3°C. The integral of the peak area, which is -157.3 mJ/mg, represents the heat of fusion. Such precise measurements of the melting behavior and heat of fusion are crucial for calibrating DSC instruments, ensuring their accuracy in thermal analysis across various research and industrial applications.
