{"id":112989,"date":"2024-07-18T09:30:45","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T07:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/nicht-kategorisiert\/3d-baski-polimerler\/"},"modified":"2026-01-23T11:13:42","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T10:13:42","slug":"3d-baski-polimerler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/bilgi\/3d-baski-polimerler\/","title":{"rendered":"3D bask\u0131 – polimerler"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Plastikler ambalaj, araba, tekstil, alet, oyuncak, multimedya vb. gibi hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda bulunabilir.<\/p>

Plastiklerin avantaj\u0131, elastikiyet, sertlik, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve kimyasal diren\u00e7 gibi teknik \u00f6zelliklerinin farkl\u0131 ana malzemeler, \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve katk\u0131 maddeleri kullan\u0131larak neredeyse her \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesidir.<\/p>

En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan polimerler<\/strong><\/a> polietilen (PE), polipropilen (PP), polivinil klor\u00fcr (PVC), polistiren (PS), poli\u00fcretan (PUR) ve polietilen tereftalatt\u0131r (PET).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Polimerler i\u00e7in 3D bask\u0131 s\u00fcreci\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama, genellikle enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama veya enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama i\u015flemi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve birincil kal\u0131plamaya dayan\u0131r. Enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama makinesi gran\u00fcl halindeki plasti\u011fi s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda ilgili kal\u0131ba enjekte eder. Malzeme kal\u0131p i\u00e7inde so\u011fur ve kat\u0131 hale d\u00f6ner. Bitmi\u015f nesne daha sonra kal\u0131ptan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir ve gerekirse yeniden i\u015flenebilir. Bu s\u00fcrecin avantaj\u0131, orijinal kal\u0131plar\u0131n yeniden kullan\u0131labilmesi ve \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve uygun maliyetli bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretilebilmesidir.

Bununla birlikte, eklemeli \u00fcretim de plastik par\u00e7alar \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in giderek daha fazla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 3D yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama makinelerine k\u0131yasla avantaj\u0131, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmalar\u0131, ana kal\u0131plar\u0131n \u00fcretilmesine ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine gerek olmamas\u0131 ve \u00f6zel aletlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Katmanl\u0131 \u00fcretim \u00f6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarlarda veya karma\u015f\u0131k geometrilere sahip par\u00e7alar\u0131n \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, bask\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri prototiplerin, modellerin veya \u00f6zel aletlerin \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in idealdir.

3D yaz\u0131c\u0131lar art\u0131k seri \u00fcretime haz\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6zel kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in nispeten ucuz bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labiliyor. Bu da plastik par\u00e7alar\u0131n katk\u0131l\u0131 \u00fcretiminin end\u00fcstri, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, in\u015faat, sanat, sanayi ve ayr\u0131ca ev gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f Biriktirme Modellemesi (FDM)\/ Kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f Filament \u00dcretimi (FFF)\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPolimerler i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan 3D bask\u0131 i\u015flemlerinden biri, erimi\u015f biriktirme modellemesi (FDM) veya erimi\u015f filament \u00fcretimi (FFF) gibi malzeme ekstr\u00fczyonudur. Bu, kat\u0131, termoplastik bir malzemenin filamentinin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ekstr\u00fcder nozulundan ge\u00e7irilerek eritilmesini i\u00e7erir. Malzeme daha sonra model taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen yolda bask\u0131 yata\u011f\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir, filament burada so\u011fur ve b\u00f6ylece bir katman olu\u015fturur. Bu i\u015flem, bile\u015fen tamamen \u00fcretilinceye kadar katman katman tekrarlan\u0131r. Termoplastik filamentler genellikle PLA, ABS, PET veya PETG’den yap\u0131l\u0131r. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fotopolimerizasyon\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Di\u011fer bir yayg\u0131n i\u015flem ise, bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir tanktaki fotopolimer re\u00e7ineyi se\u00e7ici olarak sertle\u015ftirdi\u011fi banyo bazl\u0131 fotopolimerizasyondur (Vat photopolymerisation). Bu y\u00f6ntem stereolitografi (SLA) ve dijital \u0131\u015f\u0131k i\u015flemeyi (DLP) i\u00e7erir. \u0130kisi aras\u0131ndaki temel fark \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, SLA lazer noktalar\u0131 kullan\u0131r ve DLP bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k projekt\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131r.

Se\u00e7ici lazer sinterleme (SLS) i\u00e7eren toz yata\u011f\u0131 bazl\u0131 eritme gibi plastiklerin katk\u0131l\u0131 \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek ba\u015fka s\u00fcre\u00e7ler de vard\u0131r.

Bu i\u015flemde, bir termal enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 (lazer) yap\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki toz par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 eritir ve ard\u0131ndan yeni bir toz tabakas\u0131 uygulan\u0131r ve i\u015flem tekrarlan\u0131r. Bunun bir avantaj\u0131, bile\u015fenin etraf\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131lmayan tozun yap\u0131y\u0131 desteklemesi ve daha sonra yeniden kullan\u0131labilmesidir. Burada naylon gibi termoplastik toz kullan\u0131l\u0131r.

Fotopolimerler veya mumlar genellikle serbest jet malzeme uygulamas\u0131 (malzeme p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme) i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yaz\u0131c\u0131, bask\u0131 yata\u011f\u0131na veya bir \u00f6nceki katmana se\u00e7ici olarak malzeme damlac\u0131klar\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r ve bunlar daha sonra sertle\u015ftirilir. Bu i\u015flemde, ayn\u0131 nesne i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 malzemeler de kullan\u0131labilir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle bir destek yap\u0131s\u0131 gerektiren karma\u015f\u0131k bile\u015fenler i\u00e7in avantajl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bas\u0131lacak bile\u015fenlerin gereksinimlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, optik, mekanik ve termal \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bask\u0131 zorluk derecesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren \u00e7e\u015fitli polimerler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. 3D bask\u0131 i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan malzemeler, bas\u0131lmas\u0131 kolay m\u0131s\u0131r ni\u015fastas\u0131 t\u00fcrevlerinden yap\u0131lan biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanabilen bir plastik olan PLA (polilaktik asit) ve petrol bazl\u0131 ABS’dir (akrilonitril b\u00fctadien stiren). \u0130kincisi \u00e7ok sa\u011flam ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00f6rne\u011fin ara\u00e7 i\u00e7leri veya oyuncaklar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>

PET, PETG (glikol ile birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f PET), naylon, polipropilen (PP) ve PMMA (akrilik cam veya Pleksiglas olarak da bilinir) da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu malzemelerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u00f6zellikleri metaller, seramikler, karbon veya ah\u015fap gibi katk\u0131 maddeleri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir, b\u00f6ylece \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00f6zel uygulamalar i\u00e7in 3D bask\u0131 i\u00e7in elektrik iletken veya manyetik filamentler geli\u015ftirilebilir. Kullan\u0131lan bir di\u011fer polimer grubu da UV \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131larak katman katman sertle\u015ftirilen fotopoymerler veya re\u00e7inelerdir. <\/p>

Bask\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki sorunlar aras\u0131nda t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f ekstr\u00fcder bezleri, \u00e7atlaklar, bile\u015fenin e\u011frilmesi veya deformasyonunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra katmanlar aras\u0131ndaki yap\u0131\u015fma sorunlar\u0131 da yer al\u0131r. Bunlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak malzemenin \u00f6zelliklerini bilmek \u00f6nemlidir. Cam ge\u00e7i\u015f ve erime s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir. Bask\u0131 yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bask\u0131 s\u00fcrecini bozmamak i\u00e7in cams\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ekstr\u00fczyon s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, polimerin s\u0131v\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve m\u00fckemmel bask\u0131n\u0131n garanti edilebilmesi i\u00e7in erime noktas\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a \u00fczerinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>

Termal \u00f6zelliklerin analiz edilmesi, hata ve sorunlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in 3D bask\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Cam noktas\u0131 ile erime ve kristalle\u015fme noktas\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki cihazlarla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir Diferansiyel Taramal\u0131 Kalorimetre (DSC)<\/strong><\/a> belirlenebilir. ile analiz etmek de yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. dilatometre (DIL)<\/a><\/strong>hem camla\u015fma noktas\u0131 hem de \u0131s\u0131l genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 (C termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 (CTE)<\/strong><\/a> belirlenebilir ve \u0131s\u0131tma ve so\u011futma s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki deformasyon analiz edilebilir. <\/p>

Bitmi\u015f bile\u015fenin termal ve mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini kaydetmek de \u00f6nemlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar hammaddeden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 olabilir. \u00d6zellikle, termal iletkenlik, ek termal temas direnci gerektiren katmanl\u0131 yap\u0131 ve 3D bask\u0131l\u0131 bir g\u00f6vdeye bo\u015fluklar\u0131n girmesi nedeniyle geleneksel olarak \u00fcretilen bir par\u00e7adan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 olabilir. Bu analiz i\u00e7in lazer Fla\u015f Y\u00f6ntemi (LFA)<\/strong><\/a>ve Ge\u00e7ici S\u0131cak K\u00f6pr\u00fc (THB)<\/strong><\/a> ve Termal Aray\u00fcz Malzemeleri (TIM) Test Cihaz\u0131<\/strong><\/a>. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama, genellikle enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama veya enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama i\u015flemi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve birincil kal\u0131plamaya dayan\u0131r. Enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama makinesi gran\u00fcl halindeki plasti\u011fi s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":112990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[754],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilgi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112989"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112989\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}