{"id":127394,"date":"2026-05-12T13:34:43","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T11:34:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/sem-categoria\/como-medir-a-capacidade-termica-em-fluidos-de-transferencia-de-calor-para-aplicacoes-industriais\/"},"modified":"2026-05-12T13:59:51","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T11:59:51","slug":"como-medir-a-capacidade-termica-em-fluidos-de-transferencia-de-calor-para-aplicacoes-industriais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimentos\/como-medir-a-capacidade-termica-em-fluidos-de-transferencia-de-calor-para-aplicacoes-industriais\/","title":{"rendered":"Como medir a capacidade t\u00e9rmica em fluidos de transfer\u00eancia de calor para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es industriais"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"127394\" class=\"elementor elementor-127394 elementor-127258\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b75441f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b75441f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35d541b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35d541b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97683da elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"97683da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this 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9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__97683da\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d69a620 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d69a620\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b80caf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b80caf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f563fb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f563fb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A conce\u00e7\u00e3o de processos eficientes nas ind\u00fastrias modernas de energia, qu\u00edmica e de fabrico depende cada vez mais de um transporte e gest\u00e3o precisos da energia t\u00e9rmica por fluidos de engenharia. Compreender e quantificar a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimentos\/capacidade-termica-especifica\/\"><strong>capacidade t\u00e9rmica<\/strong><\/a>&#8211; respondendo essencialmente \u00e0 pergunta &#8220;Quanto calor pode ser transportado por um fluido?&#8221;-\u00e9 fundamental para engenheiros de processos, equipas de I&amp;D, gestores de aumento de escala e especialistas de qualidade que avaliam op\u00e7\u00f5es tecnol\u00f3gicas para gest\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica, otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas ou conformidade com especifica\u00e7\u00f5es. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89c0869 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"89c0869\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70a90bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70a90bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O papel dos fluidos de transfer\u00eancia de calor na conce\u00e7\u00e3o de processos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f5a88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"36f5a88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-035f339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"035f339\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os fluidos de transfer\u00eancia de calor (HTFs) s\u00e3o utilizados para recolher, transportar, armazenar e trocar energia t\u00e9rmica entre os componentes do sistema. As aplica\u00e7\u00f5es v\u00e3o desde reactores qu\u00edmicos de grande escala e sistemas de arrefecimento de baterias a instala\u00e7\u00f5es piloto e circuitos de armazenamento de energia. Os principais requisitos dos HTFs incluem uma elevada capacidade t\u00e9rmica, estabilidade ao longo da gama de temperaturas pretendida, compatibilidade com materiais de constru\u00e7\u00e3o e perfis de funcionamento seguros.  <\/p><p>Na conce\u00e7\u00e3o de processos, o calor que um fluido pode transportar (Q, em Joules) \u00e9 determinado pela sua massa (m), capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica (cp) e varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura (\u0394T): Q = m &#8211; cp &#8211; \u0394T. Aqui, cp \u00e9 a quantidade de calor necess\u00e1ria para aumentar a temperatura de 1 kg de fluido em 1 K &#8211; um par\u00e2metro central para a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de HTF, dimensionamento do sistema e c\u00e1lculos de balan\u00e7o energ\u00e9tico (Bauer, 2020). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac9afd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ac9afd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b982d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b982d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Princ\u00edpios cient\u00edficos e m\u00e9todos de medi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8704e6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8704e6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Desafios na medi\u00e7\u00e3o exacta da capacidade t\u00e9rmica<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92f5197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"92f5197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5df331d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5df331d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As fichas de dados dos materiais fornecem frequentemente valores gen\u00e9ricos para a capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica dos HTF, mas os valores reais podem diferir significativamente dos dados do fabricante &#8211; especialmente ap\u00f3s o envelhecimento do fluido, ciclos t\u00e9rmicos ou contamina\u00e7\u00e3o do processo. Uma carateriza\u00e7\u00e3o imprecisa da capacidade t\u00e9rmica pode introduzir erros substanciais na estimativa da efici\u00eancia ou no desempenho da gest\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica (Lizana et al., 2018). <\/p><p><b>Na pr\u00e1tica, s\u00e3o utilizadas duas abordagens principais:<\/b><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/differential-scanning-calorimeter-dsc\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><b>Calorimetria Explorat\u00f3ria Diferencial (DSC):<\/b><\/a> Um m\u00e9todo padr\u00e3o de ouro que mede diretamente o fluxo de calor numa amostra versus uma refer\u00eancia sob rampas de temperatura controlada. A DSC \u00e9 adequada para an\u00e1lises laboratoriais, mas pode exigir adapta\u00e7\u00e3o para fluidos vol\u00e1teis ou pressurizados a altas temperaturas. A capacidade t\u00e9rmica volum\u00e9trica de s\u00f3lidos e l\u00edquidos n\u00e3o porosos situa-se tipicamente no intervalo de 1,5 a 6 MJ-m-\u00b3-K-\u00b9, com incertezas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o em DSC que variam tipicamente entre 2% para amostras bem definidas e at\u00e9 20% para fluidos complexos ou inst\u00e1veis (Bauer, 2020). As vari\u00e1veis do processo, como a humidade da amostra, a integridade do cadinho e a calibra\u00e7\u00e3o, t\u00eam um impacto significativo na fiabilidade.   <\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/calorimetry\/\"><strong> Calorimetria<\/strong><\/a> <b>de fluxo<\/b>: Esta t\u00e9cnica funciona em condi\u00e7\u00f5es industrialmente relevantes, medindo a capacidade t\u00e9rmica diretamente em circuitos de funcionamento. Estudos demonstraram que os calor\u00edmetros de fluxo podem produzir incertezas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o inferiores a 1,2% para HTFs a temperaturas at\u00e9 330\u00b0C, combinando medi\u00e7\u00f5es precisas de temperatura, fluxo de massa e aquecimento el\u00e9trico. As medi\u00e7\u00f5es de valida\u00e7\u00e3o utilizando \u00e1gua revelaram desvios inferiores a 0,1% em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos valores de refer\u00eancia \u00e0 temperatura ambiente, enquanto as medi\u00e7\u00f5es de campo em instala\u00e7\u00f5es solares t\u00e9rmicas revelaram desvios inferiores a 1% em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s medi\u00e7\u00f5es de refer\u00eancia da \u00e1gua e at\u00e9 3,7% acima dos 270\u00b0C para os \u00f3leos t\u00e9rmicos. Notavelmente, verificou-se que as especifica\u00e7\u00f5es do fabricante se desviam at\u00e9 10% dos valores reais, destacando a import\u00e2ncia dos testes no local sob regimes reais de stress t\u00e9rmico e de fluxo (Bauer, 2020).   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-636a704 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"636a704\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbd5822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbd5822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conceitos avan\u00e7ados de fluidos e melhoria do armazenamento<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c348815 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c348815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7813c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7813c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uma nova tend\u00eancia na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de fluidos t\u00e9rmicos \u00e9 o desenvolvimento de fluidos reactivos cuja capacidade t\u00e9rmica pode ser aumentada atrav\u00e9s de reac\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas revers\u00edveis. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o demonstrou que os fluidos t\u00e9rmicos configurados com reagentes espec\u00edficos podem ultrapassar a capacidade t\u00e9rmica da \u00e1gua em determinadas gamas de temperatura, expandindo tanto a janela de funcionamento como a quantidade de calor transportado por unidade de massa. Tais abordagens s\u00e3o promissoras para o armazenamento de energia da pr\u00f3xima gera\u00e7\u00e3o ou para o arrefecimento de alto desempenho, com aumentos demonstrados no armazenamento de entalpia de aproximadamente 40% em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os fluidos convencionais em janelas de temperatura alargadas (Lizana et al., 2018).  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b097936 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b097936\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95aac46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95aac46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do fluido e impacto na efici\u00eancia do transporte de calor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dd2e47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6dd2e47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a18f69c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a18f69c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A degrada\u00e7\u00e3o ou contamina\u00e7\u00e3o do fluido tem um efeito negativo significativo tanto na capacidade t\u00e9rmica como na efici\u00eancia do transporte de calor dos fluidos de transfer\u00eancia de calor ao longo do tempo. A degrada\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 normalmente causada pela exposi\u00e7\u00e3o prolongada a temperaturas elevadas, fissura\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica, oxida\u00e7\u00e3o e contamina\u00e7\u00e3o por fugas no processo ou subprodutos de rea\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e4628 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"01e4628\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mecanismos de impacto<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcd72b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1dcd72b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a2ebce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a2ebce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o da capacidade t\u00e9rmica:<\/b> \u00c0 medida que o fluido se degrada, as altera\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas alteram diretamente a composi\u00e7\u00e3o e as propriedades t\u00e9rmicas, diminuindo frequentemente a capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica e restringindo a capacidade do fluido para armazenar e transportar energia por unidade de massa (Bauer, 2020).<\/p><p><b>Perda de efici\u00eancia do transporte t\u00e9rmico:<\/b> O fluido degradado tende a deixar res\u00edduos carbonosos ou polim\u00e9ricos nas superf\u00edcies do sistema, criando camadas isolantes. Esta sujidade reduz o coeficiente de transfer\u00eancia de calor, aumenta o consumo de energia necess\u00e1rio para manter as temperaturas do processo e provoca custos de funcionamento mais elevados e uma menor efici\u00eancia do sistema. <\/p><p><b>Efeitos de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o: <\/b>A contamina\u00e7\u00e3o interna pode surgir da entrada de materiais de processo, \u00e1gua ou subst\u00e2ncias externas, que degradam ainda mais o desempenho do fluido. Isto pode levar \u00e0 separa\u00e7\u00e3o de fases, a altera\u00e7\u00f5es imprevis\u00edveis na viscosidade e na capacidade t\u00e9rmica, e \u00e0 corros\u00e3o acelerada ou a mais incrusta\u00e7\u00f5es em todo o circuito de transfer\u00eancia de calor. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b379d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3b379d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1632185 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1632185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Consequ\u00eancias pr\u00e1ticas<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6035da elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d6035da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc80029 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc80029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O aumento da incrusta\u00e7\u00e3o leva a paragens de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e ciclos de limpeza mais frequentes, afectando diretamente a produtividade e a fiabilidade do processo. A degrada\u00e7\u00e3o grave pode resultar na auto-igni\u00e7\u00e3o do fluido, na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de vapores perigosos ou em danos no equipamento, especialmente porque as temperaturas locais nas superf\u00edcies da pel\u00edcula de fluido podem subir acima dos limites de funcionamento seguro. A monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o regular do sistema para detetar excurs\u00f5es de temperatura, a an\u00e1lise qu\u00edmica de amostras de fluido e o reabastecimento ou substitui\u00e7\u00e3o atempada do fluido degradado s\u00e3o as melhores pr\u00e1ticas fundamentais para manter o desempenho da transfer\u00eancia de calor e evitar avarias dispendiosas.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7225d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c7225d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c36fea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c36fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dete\u00e7\u00e3o precoce da degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do fluido t\u00e9rmico<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5093464 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5093464\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b2fdfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b2fdfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A dete\u00e7\u00e3o precoce da degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do fluido t\u00e9rmico \u00e9 fundamental para manter a efici\u00eancia do processo e evitar tempos de paragem dispendiosos. V\u00e1rios par\u00e2metros mensur\u00e1veis fornecem sinais de alerta precoce de envelhecimento e avaria do fluido, permitindo decis\u00f5es proactivas de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e substitui\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-760196a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"760196a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7c1b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc7c1b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Principais indicadores iniciais<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab69d4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ab69d4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-339f86a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"339f86a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>N\u00famero de acidez (N\u00famero de acidez total, TAN): <\/b>O TAN aumenta devido \u00e0 oxida\u00e7\u00e3o e \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e1cidos. Recomenda-se a medi\u00e7\u00e3o frequente; mesmo um aumento moderado indica o avan\u00e7o da degrada\u00e7\u00e3o e a forma\u00e7\u00e3o iminente de lamas\/resinas. <\/p><p><b>Viscosidade:<\/b> Aumentos significativos (&gt;30%) indicam polimeriza\u00e7\u00e3o, oxida\u00e7\u00e3o ou acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de caldeiras altas. Uma queda na viscosidade sugere a presen\u00e7a de caldeiras baixas devido a craqueamento t\u00e9rmico; ambas as altera\u00e7\u00f5es prejudicam a transfer\u00eancia de calor e a seguran\u00e7a. <\/p><p><b>Ponto de inflama\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/b> Diminui \u00e0 medida que surgem caldeiras baixas ou produtos de decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o vol\u00e1teis, aumentando os riscos operacionais e de seguran\u00e7a.<\/p><p><b>Press\u00e3o de vapor:<\/b> Uma press\u00e3o de vapor elevada reflecte frequentemente a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de vol\u00e1teis nas caldeiras baixas, o que pode levar \u00e0 cavita\u00e7\u00e3o e a falhas na bomba.<\/p><p><b>Aspeto f\u00edsico:<\/b> O escurecimento do fluido, o aparecimento de part\u00edculas ou odores estranhos s\u00e3o frequentemente sinais de envelhecimento f\u00edsico e qu\u00edmico.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-192df38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"192df38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8790b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8790b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diretrizes de amostragem para an\u00e1lise de tend\u00eancias<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b81415 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3b81415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6b329 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6b329\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para uma an\u00e1lise fi\u00e1vel das tend\u00eancias de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do fluido t\u00e9rmico, as amostras devem geralmente ser recolhidas a cada 3 a 6 meses durante o funcionamento normal, com maior frequ\u00eancia (a cada 1 a 3 meses) no primeiro ano de arranque do sistema, ap\u00f3s a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o do fluido, ou em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de elevado stress (Lizana et al., 2018). Ap\u00f3s perturba\u00e7\u00f5es ou altera\u00e7\u00f5es no processo, recomenda-se a recolha de amostras adicionais para detetar precocemente a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o acelerada. Para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es cr\u00edticas ou de alta temperatura, os intervalos mais curtos maximizam a fiabilidade da dete\u00e7\u00e3o precoce.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49c8dc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"49c8dc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c840148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c840148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Implica\u00e7\u00f5es para a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de tecnologia e engenharia de processos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cead9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4cead9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Crit\u00e9rios-chave de decis\u00e3o<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56d76a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"56d76a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e72046 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e72046\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ao selecionar e qualificar fluidos de transfer\u00eancia de calor para processos industriais, os engenheiros devem ter em considera\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p><ul><li><b>Quantidade de calor transportada: <\/b>Determinada pelo caudal m\u00e1ssico, pela capacidade t\u00e9rmica e pela excurs\u00e3o de temperatura permitida.<\/li><li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimentos\/medicao-da-estabilidade-termica\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><b>Estabilidade t\u00e9rmica<\/b><\/a> e envelhecimento:<\/b> O desempenho real do HTF pode mudar ao longo do tempo, influenciando a quantidade de calor que um sistema pode movimentar de forma fi\u00e1vel. A medi\u00e7\u00e3o in-situ \u00e9 aconselhada para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es cr\u00edticas. <\/li><li><b>T\u00e9cnicas de Medi\u00e7\u00e3o e Valida\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/b> Integrar os dados de laborat\u00f3rio de DSC e os dados de campo de calorimetria de fluxo \u00e9 a melhor pr\u00e1tica para estabelecer linhas de base de especifica\u00e7\u00e3o e garantir a seguran\u00e7a e efici\u00eancia do processo.<\/li><li><b>Integra\u00e7\u00e3o do processo: <\/b>A HTF escolhida e as suas propriedades medidas devem ser compat\u00edveis com os materiais do processo, sistemas de controlo e protocolos de seguran\u00e7a.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-012f6e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"012f6e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-928dafe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"928dafe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estudos de casos e provas pr\u00e1ticas<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee2f341 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ee2f341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f9e8a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f9e8a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Centrais t\u00e9rmicas solares:<\/b> Estudos em instala\u00e7\u00f5es solares t\u00e9rmicas validaram a calorimetria de fluxo em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de campo para HTFs de alta temperatura, demonstrando a capacidade da t\u00e9cnica para fornecer medi\u00e7\u00f5es precisas em condi\u00e7\u00f5es reais de funcionamento (Bauer, 2020).<\/p>\n<p><b>Refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o de alto desempenho:<\/b> A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o mostra como os sais fundidos podem superar os HTFs \u00e0 base de \u00f3leo em termos de transporte total de calor, embora exijam prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra congelamento, o que tem impacto no custo e na opera\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<p><b>Fluidos da pr\u00f3xima gera\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/b> Os fluidos termoqu\u00edmicos com capacidade de calor melhorada demonstram aumentos significativos no armazenamento de entalpia em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os fluidos convencionais, oferecendo potencial para projectos-piloto e de aumento de escala destinados a sistemas de energia avan\u00e7ados (Lizana et al., 2018).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8148767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8148767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d6d6f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d6d6f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclus\u00e3o: Melhores pr\u00e1ticas cient\u00edficas para a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de fluidos de transporte de calor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-026ed16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"026ed16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b8385c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b8385c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na conce\u00e7\u00e3o de processos, a quantifica\u00e7\u00e3o exacta da capacidade t\u00e9rmica dos fluidos de transfer\u00eancia em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de funcionamento relevantes \u00e9 crucial para otimizar o desempenho do sistema t\u00e9rmico. A integra\u00e7\u00e3o da DSC de laborat\u00f3rio com a calorimetria de fluxo in-situ, ao mesmo tempo que se compara com a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o actualizada, permite aos engenheiros tomar decis\u00f5es informadas sobre a especifica\u00e7\u00e3o de materiais, qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o de processos e sele\u00e7\u00e3o de tecnologias. Novas formula\u00e7\u00f5es de fluidos e m\u00e9todos avan\u00e7ados de medi\u00e7\u00e3o in-situ continuam a expandir as op\u00e7\u00f5es para sistemas de energia, produ\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica e gest\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica \u00e0 escala industrial. Manter a integridade do fluido atrav\u00e9s de uma monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o regular e de uma gest\u00e3o proactiva \u00e9 essencial para uma capacidade t\u00e9rmica previs\u00edvel e um transporte de calor eficiente nos processos industriais.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abcb1e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"abcb1e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d311197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d311197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliografia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc5a2c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bc5a2c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec0ae5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ec0ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><p>Bauer, T. (2020) &#8220;Fundamentals of high temperature thermal energy storage, transfer and conversion&#8221;, em <em>Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage, Transfer and Conversion<\/em>. Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy, pp. 1-35. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/elib.dlr.de\/138584\/1\/2020%20-%20Bauer%20-%20Chapter%201%20TES%20in%20UHTES.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/elib.dlr.de\/138584\/1\/2020%20-%20Bauer%20-%20Chapter%201%20TES%20in%20UHTES.pdf<\/a>  <\/p><\/li><li><p>Lizana, J., Chacartegui, R., Barrios-Padura, A. and Valverde, J.M. (2018) &#8216;Advances in thermal energy storage materials and their applications towards zero energy buildings: Uma revis\u00e3o cr\u00edtica&#8221;, <em>Applied Energy<\/em>, 203, pp. 219-239. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/157763138.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/157763138.pdf<\/a> <\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A conce\u00e7\u00e3o eficiente de processos nas ind\u00fastrias modernas de energia, qu\u00edmica e de fabrico depende cada vez mais do transporte e gest\u00e3o precisos da energia t\u00e9rmica por fluidos de engenharia. Compreender e quantificar a capacidade t\u00e9rmica &#8211; respondendo essencialmente \u00e0 pergunta &#8220;Quanto calor pode ser transportado por um fluido?&#8221; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":127392,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[654],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-conhecimentos"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127394"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127394\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}