{"id":107554,"date":"2025-10-24T15:54:34","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T13:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/sem-categoria\/compreender-as-transicoes-de-fase-das-membranas-lipidicas-o-papel-da-tm-na-estrutura-e-funcao-da-membrana\/"},"modified":"2026-01-12T09:22:58","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T08:22:58","slug":"compreender-as-transicoes-de-fase-das-membranas-lipidicas-o-papel-da-tm-na-estrutura-e-funcao-da-membrana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimentos\/compreender-as-transicoes-de-fase-das-membranas-lipidicas-o-papel-da-tm-na-estrutura-e-funcao-da-membrana\/","title":{"rendered":"Compreender as Transi\u00e7\u00f5es de Fase das Membranas Lip\u00eddicas: O Papel da Tm na Estrutura e Fun\u00e7\u00e3o da Membrana"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"107554\" class=\"elementor elementor-107554 elementor-107505\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbb907a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cbb907a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c1ae43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c1ae43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2de96e elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"a2de96e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this 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contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__a2de96e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__a2de96e\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-517863f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"517863f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d10ada4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d10ada4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O estudo das transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase em membranas lip\u00eddicas \u00e9 uma pedra angular da biof\u00edsica moderna, ligando os fundamentos da ci\u00eancia das membranas a aplica\u00e7\u00f5es reais na administra\u00e7\u00e3o de medicamentos, formula\u00e7\u00e3o farmac\u00eautica e engenharia de materiais. As bicamadas lip\u00eddicas &#8211; especialmente as feitas de fosfol\u00edpidos &#8211; sofrem altera\u00e7\u00f5es estruturais not\u00e1veis em resposta a varia\u00e7\u00f5es de temperatura. A principal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/?p=103247\"><strong>temperatura de transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase (Tm)<\/strong> <\/a>desempenha aqui um papel crucial: define a forma como uma membrana est\u00e1 organizada, o seu grau de fluidez e a forma como desempenha as suas fun\u00e7\u00f5es biol\u00f3gicas. Obter uma compreens\u00e3o profunda destas transi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 essencial para os investigadores que trabalham em bioqu\u00edmica, biof\u00edsica e ci\u00eancias farmac\u00eauticas.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61909fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"61909fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af9dca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af9dca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A natureza das bicamadas lip\u00eddicas e o seu comportamento din\u00e2mico<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df898e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df898e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As membranas biol\u00f3gicas s\u00e3o essencialmente constitu\u00eddas por fosfol\u00edpidos &#8211; mol\u00e9culas anfif\u00edlicas com uma cabe\u00e7a que adora \u00e1gua (hidrof\u00edlica) e duas caudas de \u00e1cidos gordos que repelem a \u00e1gua (hidrof\u00f3bicas). Esta dupla natureza leva-as a auto-montarem-se em bicamadas na \u00e1gua, formando as barreiras b\u00e1sicas que definem as c\u00e9lulas e os seus compartimentos internos. <\/p><p>O que torna estas membranas t\u00e3o fascinantes \u00e9 a sua capacidade de alternar entre diferentes estados f\u00edsicos. Este comportamento din\u00e2mico est\u00e1 na base de in\u00fameros processos celulares &#8211; desde a transdu\u00e7\u00e3o de sinais ao transporte de ves\u00edculas e \u00e0 fus\u00e3o de membranas. <\/p><p>Os fosfol\u00edpidos apresentam um comportamento de fase rico que depende fortemente da temperatura. A transi\u00e7\u00e3o mais proeminente \u00e9 a <em>transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase principal<\/em> da fase de gel ordenada (L\u03b2) para a fase l\u00edquido-cristalina mais fluida (L\u03b1), que ocorre a uma temperatura espec\u00edfica conhecida como Tm. Quando isso acontece, as principais propriedades da membrana mudam drasticamente: a fluidez aumenta, a permeabilidade aumenta, os l\u00edpidos e as prote\u00ednas difundem-se mais facilmente e a rigidez mec\u00e2nica diminui.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163faec elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"163faec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b63998e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b63998e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mecanismos moleculares: Do gel ao estado fluido<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7df977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a7df977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a014101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a014101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Abaixo da Tm, as bicamadas lip\u00eddicas encontram-se numa fase de gel bem compactada, com as cadeias de \u00e1cidos gordos esticadas e alinhadas em conforma\u00e7\u00f5es totalmente trans. A membrana \u00e9 est\u00e1vel, r\u00edgida e relativamente imperme\u00e1vel &#8211; perfeita para manter a integridade celular. <\/p><p>\u00c0 medida que a temperatura se aproxima de Tm, come\u00e7a uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o cooperativa. A fus\u00e3o da cadeia e a isomeriza\u00e7\u00e3o <em>trans-gauche<\/em> introduzem dobras nas caudas dos \u00e1cidos gordos (Chen et al., 2018). Estas &#8220;dobras&#8221; estruturais afrouxam o empacotamento e expandem a \u00e1rea que cada l\u00edpido ocupa. O resultado \u00e9 a fase fluida, l\u00edquido-cristalina, na qual as mol\u00e9culas se movem e giram livremente. As membranas neste estado s\u00e3o mais perme\u00e1veis, flex\u00edveis e din\u00e2micas &#8211; carater\u00edsticas fundamentais para processos como a fus\u00e3o e a sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o.    <\/p><p>Alguns sistemas lip\u00eddicos apresentam mesmo estados interm\u00e9dios, como a fase de ondula\u00e7\u00e3o (P\u03b2\u2032), em que a superf\u00edcie da membrana ondula periodicamente. Em composi\u00e7\u00f5es lip\u00eddicas mistas, os l\u00edpidos com diferentes valores de Tm podem segregar-se em dom\u00ednios separados, dando origem \u00e0 coexist\u00eancia de fases. Esta organiza\u00e7\u00e3o lateral tem efeitos profundos na forma como as prote\u00ednas da membrana se agrupam e como as c\u00e9lulas regulam a sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-649dc8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"649dc8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e763f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e763f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Os lipossomas como sistemas modelo: Explica\u00e7\u00e3o simples e utilidade para a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-869c085 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"869c085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os lipossomas s\u00e3o pequenas ves\u00edculas esf\u00e9ricas constitu\u00eddas por uma ou mais bicamadas lip\u00eddicas que envolvem um n\u00facleo aquoso &#8211; imagina bolhas microsc\u00f3picas constru\u00eddas com o mesmo material que as membranas celulares. Podem conter subst\u00e2ncias sol\u00faveis em \u00e1gua no seu interior e subst\u00e2ncias sol\u00faveis em gordura na sua bicamada, o que os torna extremamente vers\u00e1teis para a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e a medicina. <\/p><p>Uma vez que imitam de perto as membranas biol\u00f3gicas, mas s\u00e3o muito mais simples, os lipossomas s\u00e3o sistemas modelo ideais para estudar as transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase (Shaikh Hamid et al., 2024). Os investigadores podem controlar com precis\u00e3o a sua composi\u00e7\u00e3o lip\u00eddica para explorar a forma como a estrutura molecular influencia o comportamento das membranas. Um dos fosfol\u00edpidos mais amplamente estudados \u00e9 a dipalmitoilfosfatidilcolina (DPPC), que sofre uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase acentuada perto dos 41 \u00b0C (Chen et al., 2018).  <\/p><p>Outros fosfol\u00edpidos comuns utilizados incluem a fosfatidilcolina (PC), a fosfatidiletanolamina (PE), a fosfatidilserina (PS) e o fosfatidilglicerol (PG). Na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o farmac\u00eautica, a DPPC, a distearoilfosfatidilcolina (DSPC) e a fosfatidilcolina de soja hidrogenada (HSPC) s\u00e3o frequentemente utilizadas devido ao seu comportamento de transi\u00e7\u00e3o previs\u00edvel e biocompatibilidade. Cadeias lip\u00eddicas mais longas e mais saturadas aumentam a Tm, levando a membranas mais est\u00e1veis em condi\u00e7\u00f5es fisiol\u00f3gicas.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3a7e37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a3a7e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dd5c7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1dd5c7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79fade2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79fade2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fosfol\u00edpidos em nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e biologia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e824966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e824966\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-058924e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"058924e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para al\u00e9m do laborat\u00f3rio, os fosfol\u00edpidos s\u00e3o comuns na natureza e na nutri\u00e7\u00e3o. As gemas de ovo s\u00e3o ricas em fosfatidilcolina, enquanto a soja cont\u00e9m fosfatidilcolina e fosfatidiletanolamina. Outras fontes incluem carnes de \u00f3rg\u00e3os, peixes gordos como a cavala e a sardinha, cereais integrais e frutos secos. A lecitina, uma mistura de fosfol\u00edpidos normalmente derivada da soja ou dos ovos, serve como emulsionante natural nos alimentos e como suplemento diet\u00e9tico. Estes fosfol\u00edpidos naturais partilham a mesma estrutura anfif\u00edlica que os torna t\u00e3o valiosos na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e na medicina.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2eca1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ae2eca1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ef38fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ef38fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/207-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-107526\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/207-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/207-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/207-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/207.png 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9ec681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9ec681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es farmac\u00eauticas: Administra\u00e7\u00e3o de medicamentos lipossomais<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03fe0b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03fe0b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na administra\u00e7\u00e3o de medicamentos, os lipossomas aproveitam as propriedades dependentes da temperatura das membranas fosfolip\u00eddicas para conseguir uma liberta\u00e7\u00e3o controlada. Abaixo da Tm, a bicamada \u00e9 est\u00e1vel e imperme\u00e1vel, mantendo os f\u00e1rmacos seguros no seu interior. Quando as temperaturas sobem at\u00e9 ou acima de Tm &#8211; atrav\u00e9s de aquecimento localizado, inflama\u00e7\u00e3o ou est\u00edmulos t\u00e9rmicos externos &#8211; a membrana torna-se mais fluida, permitindo que os f\u00e1rmacos se difundam ou se fundam com as c\u00e9lulas alvo.  <\/p><p>Este princ\u00edpio permite a conce\u00e7\u00e3o de <em>lipossomas termossens\u00edveis<\/em> (Shaikh Hamid et al., 2024). Escolhendo l\u00edpidos com valores de Tm ligeiramente acima da temperatura corporal (normalmente 39-42 \u00b0C), os cientistas podem criar transportadores de f\u00e1rmacos que libertam o seu conte\u00fado apenas quando o calor \u00e9 aplicado no local do tumor. Esta liberta\u00e7\u00e3o direcionada aumenta o efeito terap\u00eautico e reduz os efeitos secund\u00e1rios.  <\/p><p>Al\u00e9m disso, a modifica\u00e7\u00e3o da composi\u00e7\u00e3o lip\u00eddica &#8211; atrav\u00e9s da adi\u00e7\u00e3o de colesterol ou de l\u00edpidos PEGilados &#8211; pode afinar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase, alargando a gama e melhorando a estabilidade. Este controlo permite aos investigadores conceber lipossomas que circulam durante mais tempo, libertam f\u00e1rmacos no momento certo e interagem de forma previs\u00edvel com as membranas biol\u00f3gicas. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7147213 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7147213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9be078b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9be078b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ac6b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ac6b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o experimental de transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78b3244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"78b3244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98b3cf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98b3cf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para estudar as transi\u00e7\u00f5es de Tm e de membrana, os cientistas utilizam v\u00e1rias t\u00e9cnicas complementares. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/differential-scanning-calorimeter-dsc\/\"><strong>A Calorimetria Explorat\u00f3ria Diferencial (DSC)<\/strong><\/a> \u00e9 o padr\u00e3o de ouro, medindo o calor absorvido durante a transi\u00e7\u00e3o de gel para fluido para determinar a Tm, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/?page_id=103480\"><strong>entalpia (\u0394H)<\/strong><\/a>As t\u00e9cnicas espectrosc\u00f3picas, como os m\u00e9todos baseados na fluoresc\u00eancia, fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre a ordem local e os n\u00edveis de hidrata\u00e7\u00e3o. Podem visualizar a separa\u00e7\u00e3o de fases e a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de dom\u00ednios em tempo real. Mais recentemente, <em>a dete\u00e7\u00e3o nanoplasm\u00f4nica<\/em> permitiu o monitoramento sem r\u00f3tulo de transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase lip\u00eddica em ves\u00edculas imobilizadas &#8211; um avan\u00e7o importante para o estudo de membranas em condi\u00e7\u00f5es realistas (Chen et al., 2018).  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7694b52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7694b52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8fdaa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8fdaa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fronteiras de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es emergentes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb7d668 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb7d668\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Estudos recentes alargaram a nossa compreens\u00e3o do comportamento das membranas complexas. Por exemplo, a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre as <em>jangadas lip\u00eddicas &#8211;<\/em>regi\u00f5es <em>ricas em colesterol<\/em>no interior das membranas &#8211; revelou a sua import\u00e2ncia em processos como a sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, o tr\u00e1fico e a ades\u00e3o celular (Bakillah et al., 2022). O colesterol interage com fosfol\u00edpidos e esfingol\u00edpidos para melhorar a ordem, estabilizar a estrutura e evitar o empacotamento excessivo, criando a fase distinta de ordem l\u00edquida (Lo) que est\u00e1 na base da forma\u00e7\u00e3o de jangadas.  <\/p><p>Para al\u00e9m da biologia, as membranas de fosfol\u00edpidos s\u00e3o agora vistas como materiais sintoniz\u00e1veis. Ajustando a sua composi\u00e7\u00e3o e o seu comportamento de fase, os investigadores podem criar nanomateriais reactivos e biossensores &#8211; aplica\u00e7\u00f5es que fundem a qu\u00edmica, a biologia e a engenharia de formas novas e excitantes. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbeab5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"dbeab5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abbbb53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"abbbb53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Factores que influenciam o comportamento de transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21f21a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"21f21a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbb23e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbb23e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A principal temperatura de transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase depende fortemente da estrutura dos l\u00edpidos. As cadeias ac\u00edlicas mais longas aumentam a Tm em cerca de 2-3 \u00b0C por cada grupo metileno adicional, enquanto a insatura\u00e7\u00e3o (liga\u00e7\u00f5es cis-duplas) a reduz drasticamente &#8211; por vezes em 20-40 \u00b0C &#8211; porque as dobras introduzidas perturbam o empacotamento. <\/p><p>O grupo principal tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 importante: as fosfatidiletanolaminas, por exemplo, formam liga\u00e7\u00f5es de hidrog\u00e9nio mais fortes e, por isso, t\u00eam uma Tm mais elevada do que as fosfatidilcolinas. Os grupos de cabe\u00e7a carregados influenciam a hidrata\u00e7\u00e3o e as intera\u00e7\u00f5es electrost\u00e1ticas, que por sua vez afectam a nitidez e a temperatura da transi\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p><p>O colesterol, mais uma vez, desempenha um papel especial. Suaviza as transi\u00e7\u00f5es e introduz a fase ordenada l\u00edquida, equilibrando a rigidez e a fluidez da membrana (Bakillah et al., 2022). Este equil\u00edbrio \u00e9 essencial para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de jangadas e para o funcionamento geral da membrana.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9010a68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9010a68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a75fc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4a75fc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1616cdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1616cdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Significado biol\u00f3gico das transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce1c649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ce1c649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3183ca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3183ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Embora a maioria das membranas celulares opere acima da sua Tm, mantendo um estado fluido \u00e0 temperatura corporal, as transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase continuam a ser biologicamente relevantes. Muitos organismos ajustam a sua composi\u00e7\u00e3o lip\u00eddica para lidar com as mudan\u00e7as de temperatura &#8211; um processo conhecido como <em>adapta\u00e7\u00e3o homeoviscosa<\/em>. As esp\u00e9cies adaptadas ao frio aumentam os l\u00edpidos insaturados para manterem as membranas fluidas, enquanto os organismos adaptados ao calor utilizam cadeias mais longas e saturadas para obterem estabilidade.  <\/p><p>Mesmo no interior das c\u00e9lulas, as diferen\u00e7as de temperatura localizadas e a diversidade lip\u00eddica podem criar regi\u00f5es coexistentes de gel e fluido, influenciando a forma como as prote\u00ednas se agrupam e os sinais se propagam. A intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de uma prote\u00edna e o seu ambiente lip\u00eddico local \u00e9 uma das principais fronteiras na compreens\u00e3o da regula\u00e7\u00e3o celular. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8155c22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8155c22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e97af67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e97af67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de4bbaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"de4bbaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Integra\u00e7\u00e3o nos fluxos de trabalho de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e desenvolvimento<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a426d8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a426d8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b6b90d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b6b90d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para os investigadores em biof\u00edsica, ci\u00eancias farmac\u00eauticas ou engenharia de materiais, estudar as transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase dos l\u00edpidos \u00e9 mais do que um exerc\u00edcio acad\u00e9mico &#8211; \u00e9 uma porta de entrada para a conce\u00e7\u00e3o de melhores materiais e terapias. Saber como a composi\u00e7\u00e3o afecta o comportamento da membrana permite um controlo preciso de propriedades como a taxa de liberta\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00e1rmacos, a estabilidade e a capacidade de resposta. <\/p><p>Ferramentas anal\u00edticas avan\u00e7adas &#8211; combinando m\u00e9todos t\u00e9rmicos, espectrosc\u00f3picos e estruturais &#8211; permitem uma carateriza\u00e7\u00e3o abrangente dos sistemas lip\u00eddicos. Esta integra\u00e7\u00e3o preenche a lacuna entre a compreens\u00e3o molecular e a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica, ajudando a transformar a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1sica de membranas em inova\u00e7\u00f5es do mundo real. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9358cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e9358cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dbea09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2dbea09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5ee348 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d5ee348\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d4eb10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6d4eb10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7fccb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7fccb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A principal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/?p=103247\"><strong>temperatura de transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase<\/strong><\/a> \u00e9 um elo fundamental entre a estrutura molecular, o comportamento da membrana e a fun\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica. Desde a fase r\u00edgida de gel at\u00e9 ao estado fluido din\u00e2mico, as bicamadas lip\u00eddicas revelam um espetro de propriedades que determinam a permeabilidade, a flexibilidade e as intera\u00e7\u00f5es com biomol\u00e9culas. <\/p><p>Os lipossomas exemplificam a forma como este conhecimento se traduz na pr\u00e1tica &#8211; servindo tanto como sistemas modelo para a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o como ve\u00edculos para a administra\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00e1rmacos espec\u00edficos. A compreens\u00e3o destas transi\u00e7\u00f5es continua a ser vital para os cientistas que procuram relacionar a din\u00e2mica \u00e0 escala molecular com resultados no mundo real. <\/p><p>\u00c0 medida que as t\u00e9cnicas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o avan\u00e7am e a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o interdisciplinar cresce, o estudo das transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase das membranas continuar\u00e1 a moldar as inova\u00e7\u00f5es na medicina, biotecnologia e ci\u00eancia dos materiais &#8211; ajudando os investigadores a colmatar o fosso entre a perce\u00e7\u00e3o molecular e a descoberta aplicada.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30c1b7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"30c1b7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05fd048 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"05fd048\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-260cddb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"260cddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/p><p>Bakillah, A. <em>et al.<\/em> (2022) &#8220;Lipid raft integrity and cellular cholesterol homeostasis are critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells&#8221;, <em>Nutrients<\/em>, 14(16), p. 3417<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/16\/3417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/16\/3417<\/a><\/p><p> <\/p><p>Chen, W., Du\u0161a, F., Witos, J., Ruokonen, S.-K. e Wiedmer, S.K. (2018) &#8220;Determina\u00e7\u00e3o da temperatura principal de transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase dos fosfol\u00edpidos por dete\u00e7\u00e3o nanoplasm\u00f3nica&#8221;, <em>Scientific Reports<\/em>, 8(1), 14815<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-33107-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-33107-5<\/a><\/p><p> <\/p><p>Shaikh Hamid, M.S., Hatwar, P.R., Bakal, R.L. e Kohale, N.B. (2024) &#8220;A comprehensive review on liposomes: As a novel drug delivery system&#8221;, <em>GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences<\/em>, 27(1), pp. 199-210<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/gsconlinepress.com\/journals\/gscbps\/content\/comprehensive-review-liposomes-novel-drug-delivery-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/gsconlinepress.com\/journals\/gscbps\/content\/comprehensive-review-liposomes-novel-drug-delivery-system<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fabdad elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6fabdad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O estudo das transi\u00e7\u00f5es de fase nas membranas lip\u00eddicas \u00e9 uma pedra angular da biof\u00edsica moderna, ligando os fundamentos da ci\u00eancia das membranas a aplica\u00e7\u00f5es reais na administra\u00e7\u00e3o de medicamentos, formula\u00e7\u00e3o farmac\u00eautica e engenharia de materiais<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":107515,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[654],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-conhecimentos"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107554"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107554\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}