{"id":103281,"date":"2024-07-18T11:06:43","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T09:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/sem-categoria\/pcm-material-de-mudanca-de-fase\/"},"modified":"2026-01-12T09:41:30","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T08:41:30","slug":"pcm-material-de-mudanca-de-fase","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimentos\/pcm-material-de-mudanca-de-fase\/","title":{"rendered":"PCM &#8211; material de mudan\u00e7a de fase"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"103281\" class=\"elementor elementor-103281 elementor-12457\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eb8745 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9eb8745\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-964ee6a elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"964ee6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__964ee6a\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__964ee6a\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__964ee6a\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffaef65 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffaef65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Um segundo reservat\u00f3rio de calor \u00e9 o simples aumento de temperatura sem mudan\u00e7a de fase. Para essas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimentos\/capacidade-termica-especifica\/\">\n  <strong>capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica<\/strong>\n<\/a> do material de armazenamento e a sua densidade devem ser elevadas, a fim de armazenar uma quantidade m\u00e1xima de calor numa quantidade m\u00ednima de material\/espa\u00e7o (capacidade de armazenamento). Este efeito \u00e9 utilizado para o ar condicionado dos edif\u00edcios e para o seu conforto t\u00e9rmico. Para transferir bem a energia do PCM para o ambiente, este deve tamb\u00e9m ter uma elevada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/startseite\/messgroessen\/waermeleitfaehigkeit\/\">\n  <strong>condutividade t\u00e9rmica<\/strong>\n<\/a> condutividade t\u00e9rmica.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fdff31 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fdff31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Propriedades do PCM\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e95cc7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e95cc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOs materiais de mudan\u00e7a de fase devem, por conseguinte, ter as seguintes propriedades\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bac7eb elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bac7eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>uma elevada capacidade de armazenamento ou calor latente por volume. Isto \u00e9 conseguido quando o calor molar de fus\u00e3o \u00e9 elevado e, ao mesmo tempo, est\u00e3o presentes uma elevada densidade e uma elevada capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica. <\/li><li>elevada condutividade t\u00e9rmica para uma r\u00e1pida troca de calor entre o PCM e o ambiente<\/li><li>uma elevada taxa de nuclea\u00e7\u00e3o para evitar o subarrefecimento e para conseguir a mudan\u00e7a de fase \u00e0 temperatura de funcionamento.<\/li><li>uma pequena altera\u00e7\u00e3o de volume durante a transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase, a fim de evitar tens\u00f5es mec\u00e2nicas nos recipientes e fissuras na fase s\u00f3lida.<\/li><li>Baixo custo por energia armazenada e boa disponibilidade<br>Elevada estabilidade qu\u00edmica<\/li><li>sem decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o, pelo que s\u00e3o poss\u00edveis muitos ciclos de fus\u00e3o\/congela\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-063e564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"063e564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b076c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5b076c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca49875 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca49875\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOs PCMs podem ser divididos em dois grupos: subst\u00e2ncias org\u00e2nicas e inorg\u00e2nicas.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b827c8b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b827c8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vantagens dos materiais PCM\n\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f13ff9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f13ff9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOs materiais org\u00e2nicos (principalmente hidrocarbonetos, parafinas e gorduras, mas tamb\u00e9m hidratos de carbono) t\u00eam temperaturas de funcionamento mais baixas do que os materiais inorg\u00e2nicos e algumas outras vantagens, como a sua estabilidade t\u00e9rmica e qu\u00edmica.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b347917 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b347917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Desvantagens dos materiais PCM\n\n\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aad09f6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aad09f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No entanto, as desvantagens dos materiais org\u00e2nicos em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os materiais inorg\u00e2nicos s\u00e3o a sua inflamabilidade, a capacidade relativamente baixa de armazenamento de calor e a baixa condutividade t\u00e9rmica. Os PCM inorg\u00e2nicos s\u00e3o principalmente hidratos de sal e sais. A maioria deles tem temperaturas de funcionamento elevadas e est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel a baixo custo. A desvantagem \u00e9 que podem ser corrosivos e sofrem frequentemente uma grande altera\u00e7\u00e3o de volume.   <br><br>Diferentes aplica\u00e7\u00f5es requerem diferentes temperaturas de funcionamento que correspondem ao ponto de fus\u00e3o do PCM. As temperaturas de funcionamento podem variar desde temperaturas pr\u00f3ximas da temperatura ambiente (para a maioria dos PCM org\u00e2nicos, mas tamb\u00e9m para alguns inorg\u00e2nicos, como o nitrato de l\u00edtio hidratado (LiNO3*3 H2O)) at\u00e9 v\u00e1rias centenas de graus Celsius (para os inorg\u00e2nicos, como os sais de metais alcalinos). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-902b477 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"902b477\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An\u00e1lise t\u00e9rmica de PCM\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e0b5d1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e0b5d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A an\u00e1lise t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 uma ferramenta muito poderosa para o desenvolvimento e carateriza\u00e7\u00e3o de PCMs:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6362a00 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6362a00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/startseite\/methoden\/thermogravimetrie\/\">\n  <strong>termogravimetria (TGA)<\/strong>\n<\/a> \u00e9 utilizada para analisar a estabilidade t\u00e9rmica ou a decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o.<br><br><br><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/startseite\/methoden\/dynamische-differenz-kalorimetrie\/\">\n  <strong>calorimetria de varrimento diferencial<\/strong>\n<\/a> (DSC) \u00e9 utilizada n\u00e3o s\u00f3 para medir a temperatura de fus\u00e3o (temperatura de funcionamento) e a entalpia de fus\u00e3o, que fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00fateis sobre a capacidade de armazenamento, mas tamb\u00e9m para medir a capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica (Cp).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d4d06e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0d4d06e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0c8111 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0c8111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExistem tamb\u00e9m numerosas t\u00e9cnicas conhecidas para medir a condutividade t\u00e9rmica, sendo o m\u00e9todo do fio de aquecimento o mais eficiente para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de PCM. Outros m\u00e9todos incluem o m\u00e9todo do fluxo de calor e o m\u00e9todo do flash laser. Com todos os m\u00e9todos de medi\u00e7\u00e3o da condutividade t\u00e9rmica, o desafio particular \u00e9 obter dados fi\u00e1veis precisamente durante a mudan\u00e7a de fase de um PCM, raz\u00e3o pela qual o m\u00e9todo r\u00e1pido de fio quente tem aqui vantagens decisivas.  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0133be4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0133be4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um segundo reservat\u00f3rio de calor \u00e9 o simples aumento de temperatura sem mudan\u00e7a de fase. Para estas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, a capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica do material de armazenamento e a sua densidade devem ser elevadas. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":32921,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[654],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-conhecimentos"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103281","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103281"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103281\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103281"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103281"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}