{"id":103065,"date":"2025-08-07T10:31:47","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T08:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/sem-categoria\/identificacao-de-produtos-de-degradacao-e-monitorizacao-de-aditivos-volateis-em-termoplasticos-utilizando-ega-ftir\/"},"modified":"2026-01-12T09:29:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T08:29:11","slug":"identificacao-de-produtos-de-degradacao-e-monitorizacao-de-aditivos-volateis-em-termoplasticos-utilizando-ega-ftir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimentos\/identificacao-de-produtos-de-degradacao-e-monitorizacao-de-aditivos-volateis-em-termoplasticos-utilizando-ega-ftir\/","title":{"rendered":"Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o e monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o de aditivos vol\u00e1teis em termopl\u00e1sticos utilizando EGA-FTIR"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"103065\" class=\"elementor elementor-103065 elementor-93538\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ac1a05 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7ac1a05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b9ff49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b9ff49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d6f017 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d6f017\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8746a20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8746a20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c125dd9 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"c125dd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c125dd9\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c125dd9\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__c125dd9\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f621ed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f621ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o e no\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75000e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75000e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An\u00e1lise de gases evolu\u00eddos em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com a espetroscopia de infravermelhos com transformada de Fourier <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/messgeraete\/zusatzgeraete-support\/l40-ega-ftir\/\">\n  <strong>(EGA-FTIR)<\/strong>\n<\/a> \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo estabelecido para analisar a estabilidade t\u00e9rmica e as emiss\u00f5es de aditivos em termopl\u00e1sticos como <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wissen\/polyethylen-hoher-dichte-hdpe-ein-vertiefter-blick\/\">o polietileno (PE)<\/a>,<\/strong> o polipropileno (PP) e a poliamida (PA). O EGA-FTIR permite a dete\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o e de aditivos vol\u00e1teis, na sua maioria de baixo peso molecular, particularmente nas fases iniciais de um processo termopl\u00e1stico, mesmo antes de ocorrerem macrodefeitos ou danos significativos no material. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60e3adc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60e3adc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Princ\u00edpio de funcionamento do m\u00e9todo EGA-FTIR<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9274b8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9274b8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Princ\u00edpio de medi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616e9ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"616e9ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No EGA-FTIR, o pol\u00edmero a analisar \u00e9 aquecido durante um programa de temperatura controlada. As subst\u00e2ncias vol\u00e1teis libertadas (por exemplo, emiss\u00f5es de aditivos, produtos de clivagem, mon\u00f3meros residuais) s\u00e3o transferidas diretamente para uma c\u00e9lula de g\u00e1s do espetr\u00f3metro FTIR e a\u00ed analisadas (4). Os espectros de infravermelhos resultantes permitem a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o qualitativa e (com calibra\u00e7\u00e3o) tamb\u00e9m quantitativa das subst\u00e2ncias libertadas com base em bandas de absor\u00e7\u00e3o carater\u00edsticas.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0c4be9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0c4be9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Procedimento<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbee7f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fbee7f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Aquecimento da amostra:<\/strong> O material polim\u00e9rico \u00e9 aquecido num forno especial de termobalan\u00e7a (por exemplo, no modo TGA) sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es controladas (aumento de temperatura, atmosfera definida).<\/li><li><strong>Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o de compostos vol\u00e1teis:<\/strong> Os aditivos, plastificantes, componentes de baixo peso molecular ou produtos de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o inicial evaporam-se mesmo a temperaturas moderadas e s\u00e3o libertados da estufa sob a forma de gases.<\/li><li><strong>Transfer\u00eancia para o FTIR:<\/strong> Estes gases s\u00e3o transportados continuamente ou por fases atrav\u00e9s de uma linha de transfer\u00eancia para uma cuvete de g\u00e1s do espetr\u00f3metro FTIR.<\/li><li><strong>An\u00e1lise de IV:<\/strong> No FTIR, as mol\u00e9culas s\u00e3o identificadas atrav\u00e9s da sua banda de absor\u00e7\u00e3o de infravermelhos carater\u00edstica. Cada aditivo ou produto de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o tem um espetro de IV espec\u00edfico (impress\u00e3o digital), de modo que mesmo misturas complexas podem ser analisadas qualitativamente e &#8211; com calibra\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; quantitativamente. <\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e844e6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e844e6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb61d0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fb61d0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blog-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-93604\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blog-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blog-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blog-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blog.png 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a66649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a66649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Produtos de emiss\u00f5es espec\u00edficas dos termopl\u00e1sticos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80693b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80693b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Polietileno (PE)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32d8a7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32d8a7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Principais produtos:<\/strong> Hidrocarbonetos alif\u00e1ticos durante a pir\u00f3lise, produtos gasosos como etano, eteno, propano, propeno, pentanos e outros compostos de alcanos e alcenos de baixo peso molecular<\/li><li><strong>Produtos de oxida\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> CO, CO\u2082 durante a oxida\u00e7\u00e3o, especialmente nas fases mais avan\u00e7adas ou a temperaturas elevadas<\/li><li><strong>Carater\u00edsticas FTIR:<\/strong> Bandas intensas para vibra\u00e7\u00f5es de estiramento C-H de cadeias alif\u00e1ticas<\/li><li><strong>Carater\u00edsticas especiais:<\/strong> Praticamente sem compostos contendo azoto, uma vez que o PE n\u00e3o cont\u00e9m grupos azotados<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87d1666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"87d1666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Polipropileno (PP)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11b06e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11b06e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Principais produtos:<\/strong> Compar\u00e1vel ao PE, mas com um aumento das emiss\u00f5es de alcenos, como o propeno, o 2-metilpropeno e v\u00e1rios derivados de alcenos e alcanos<\/li><li><strong>Produtos de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o oxidados:<\/strong> Alde\u00eddos, cetonas (especialmente acetalde\u00eddo, acetonas) e \u00e1cidos carbox\u00edlicos (por exemplo, \u00e1cido ac\u00e9tico), especialmente durante a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o oxidativa (2)<\/li><li><strong>Outros gases:<\/strong> CO, CO\u2082, H\u2082 e pequenas quantidades de hidrog\u00e9nio<\/li><li><strong>Carater\u00edsticas FTIR:<\/strong> Vibra\u00e7\u00f5es de val\u00eancia C-H t\u00edpicas em n\u00fameros de onda ligeiramente diferentes do PE devido \u00e0s estruturas do grupo metilo<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1426a8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1426a8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Poliamida (PA)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a49a52e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a49a52e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Produtos espec\u00edficos:<\/strong> Amon\u00edaco (NH\u2083), caprolactama (em PA6), amidas de baixo peso molecular e ciclohexanona, mesmo a temperaturas moderadas (150-300\u00b0C)<\/li><li><strong>Outras emiss\u00f5es:<\/strong> Butadieno, alquilamidas e pequenas quantidades de compostos azotados alif\u00e1ticos e arom\u00e1ticos<\/li><li><strong>Carater\u00edsticas FTIR:<\/strong> Especialmente a banda de carbonilo (C=O) em torno de 1712 cm-\u00b9, bem como as bandas de absor\u00e7\u00e3o para os grupos NH e CO, que distinguem claramente o PA-6 do PE e do PP<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19d7595 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"19d7595\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c436b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c436b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Panorama comparativo<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3b74fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a3b74fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-231\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-231\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Polymer<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Hauptemissionsprodukte<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Spezifische Molek\u00fcle<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Spektrale Besonderheiten<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">PE<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Aliphatische KW, CO, CO\u2082<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Ethan, Ethen, Propan, Pentane<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C\u2013H aliphatisch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">PP<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Aliphatische KW, Aldehyde, CO\u2082<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Propen, Acetaldehyd, Essigs\u00e4ure<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C\u2013H + Methylgruppen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">PA<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Amide, Stickstoffverbindungen<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Ammoniak, Caprolactam, Cyclohexanon<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">NH-, C=O-Banden, aromatische Fragmente<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-231 from cache --><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2a33f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2a33f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exemplos de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o e resultados de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-182b93f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"182b93f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00e1rios estudos demonstram a efic\u00e1cia do m\u00e9todo EGA-FTIR. Biale et al. demonstraram que os perfis de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica do polipropileno (PP) e do polietileno (PE) podem ser detectados de forma muito sens\u00edvel utilizando registos EGA. No caso do PP, por exemplo, o m\u00e9todo mostrou uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o da temperatura de in\u00edcio da degrada\u00e7\u00e3o como resultado do envelhecimento artificial, combinado com altera\u00e7\u00f5es nas emiss\u00f5es gasosas (1).  <\/p><p>Park et al. conseguiram determinar com precis\u00e3o os tempos e as temperaturas para a emiss\u00e3o de produtos de pir\u00f3lise espec\u00edficos de v\u00e1rios termopl\u00e1sticos utilizando TG-FTIR. Em particular, os gases com baixo peso molecular &#8211; como aditivos ou mon\u00f3meros &#8211; foram quantificados logo no in\u00edcio do programa de temperatura (2).  <\/p><p>Cuthbertson et al. descreveram a possibilidade de identificar aditivos utilizando espectros FTIR em modo EGA e seguir a sua concentra\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s do desenvolvimento da temperatura (3). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-735dcb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"735dcb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vantagens e \u00e1reas de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3a3821 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3a3821\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vantagens espec\u00edficas<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4627a25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4627a25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Alta sensibilidade<\/strong> para aditivos org\u00e2nicos vol\u00e1teis e semi-vol\u00e1teis<\/li><li><strong>Dete\u00e7\u00e3o precoce:<\/strong> Todos os aditivos vol\u00e1teis e semi-vol\u00e1teis s\u00e3o detectados nas fases iniciais do processo de aquecimento &#8211; mesmo antes de serem vis\u00edveis altera\u00e7\u00f5es macrosc\u00f3picas no s\u00f3lido<\/li><li><strong>Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica de<\/strong> emiss\u00f5es individuais atrav\u00e9s de bandas FTIR carater\u00edsticas<\/li><li><strong>Pode ser integrado<\/strong> em sistemas de termobalan\u00e7o existentes (5)<\/li><li><strong>Vasta gama de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/strong> Para al\u00e9m dos aditivos, os mon\u00f3meros residuais, os solventes ou as modifica\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas tamb\u00e9m podem ser monitorizados atrav\u00e9s das suas emiss\u00f5es gasosas<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf8d73f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf8d73f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c1reas de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a90ae64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a90ae64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Garantia de qualidade dos pol\u00edmeros em bruto<\/li><li>Estabilidade dos aditivos no processo de reciclagem<\/li><li>Desenvolvimento de formula\u00e7\u00f5es pouco poluentes<\/li><li>An\u00e1lise de erros no trabalho laboratorial quotidiano<\/li><li>Monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida e n\u00e3o destrutiva da qualidade<\/li><li>An\u00e1lise das causas profundas dos processos laboratoriais, de produ\u00e7\u00e3o ou de reciclagem<\/li><li>Teste de mat\u00e9rias-primas<\/li><li>Desenvolvimento de novos sistemas de aditivos<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f57c82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6f57c82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47a57e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47a57e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6866e1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6866e1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><p>O m\u00e9todo EGA-FTIR \u00e9 ideal para a monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o proactiva e o desenvolvimento de formula\u00e7\u00f5es de pol\u00edmeros sustent\u00e1veis com perfis de emiss\u00e3o controlados. Estes produtos de emiss\u00e3o espec\u00edficos permitem a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o precoce e selectiva de termopl\u00e1sticos e respectivos aditivos j\u00e1 na fase inicial do processo t\u00e9rmico. Os utilizadores e engenheiros de laborat\u00f3rio encontrar\u00e3o no EGA-FTIR um pacote poderoso para testes de rotina, an\u00e1lise de falhas e controlo durante o processo.  <\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12377b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"12377b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5502298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5502298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0175788 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0175788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lista de fontes<\/strong><\/p><p>(1) Biale, G. et al. (2021). Um Estudo Sistem\u00e1tico sobre os Produtos de Degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do Polipropileno e Outros Pol\u00edmeros Comuns atrav\u00e9s de An\u00e1lises EGA-MS e Py-GC-MS. PMC. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8234390\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8234390\/<\/a><\/p><p>(2) Park, K.B. et al. (2023). Produtos de pir\u00f3lise de v\u00e1rios tipos de pl\u00e1sticos usando TG-FTIR. <em>ScienceDirect.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0165237023001274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0165237023001274<\/a><\/p><p>(3) Cuthbertson, A.A. et al. (2024). Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o das propriedades dos pol\u00edmeros e identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de aditivos: Oportunidades com TGA-FTIR. <em>RSC Publishing.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlehtml\/2024\/gc\/d4gc00659c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlehtml\/2024\/gc\/d4gc00659c<\/a><\/p><p>(4) Measurlabs (2006). An\u00e1lise de G\u00e1s Evolu\u00eddo (EGA) | TGA-FTIR &amp; TGA-MS.   <a href=\"https:\/\/measurlabs.com\/methods\/evolved-gas-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/measurlabs.com\/methods\/evolved-gas-analysis\/<\/a><\/p><p>(5) Linseis Messger\u00e4te GmbH (2025). Descri\u00e7\u00e3o do Gas Analysis L40 EGA FTIR para termobalan\u00e7as. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/additional-devices-support\/l40-ega-ftir\/ct\">https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/additional-devices-support\/l40-ega-ftir\/ct*.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0165237023001274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0165237023001274<\/a> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24669d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"24669d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Wof\u00fcr wird die Evolved Gas Analysis in Kombination mit FTIR (EGA-FTIR) bei Thermoplasten eingesetzt?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Die Evolved Gas Analysis in Kombination mit Fourier-Transform-Infrarotspektroskopie (EGA-FTIR) ist eine etablierte Methode zur Analyse der thermischen Stabilit\u00e4t und der Emissionen von Additiven in Thermoplasten wie Polyethylen (PE), Polypropylen (PP) und Polyamid (PA). Insbesondere im fr\u00fchen Stadium eines Thermoprozesses erm\u00f6glicht EGA-FTIR die Detektion von Abbauprodukten und fl\u00fcchtigen, meist niedermolekularen Additiven, noch bevor Makrodefekte oder signifikante Materialsch\u00e4den eintreten.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Wie funktioniert die EGA-FTIR-Analyse bei Polymeren?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Bei der EGA-FTIR wird das zu untersuchende Polymer w\u00e4hrend eines kontrollierten Temperaturprogramms erhitzt. Die dabei freigesetzten fl\u00fcchtigen Substanzen (z. B. Emissionen von Additiven, Spaltprodukte, Restmonomere) werden direkt in eine Gaszelle des FTIR-Spektrometers \u00fcberf\u00fchrt und dort analysiert. Die entstehenden Infrarotspektren gestatten eine qualitative und (mit Kalibration) auch quantitative Identifizierung der freigesetzten Substanzen anhand charakteristischer Absorptionsbanden.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Welche Ergebnisse haben Studien zur Leistungsf\u00e4higkeit der EGA-FTIR-Methode gezeigt?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Biale et al. zeigten, dass sich die thermischen Abbauprofile von Polypropylen (PP) und Polyethylen (PE) mittels EGA-Aufzeichnungen sehr sensitiv detektieren lassen. Die Methode zeigte beispielsweise f\u00fcr PP eine Absenkung der Abbaubeginn-Temperatur infolge k\u00fcnstlicher Alterung, verbunden mit ver\u00e4nderten Gasemissionen. Park et al. konnten mittels TG-FTIR Zeiten und Temperaturen f\u00fcr die Emission spezifischer Pyrolyseprodukte aus verschiedenen Thermoplasten exakt festlegen. Insbesondere Gase mit geringem Molekulargewicht \u2013 etwa Additive oder Monomere \u2013 wurden fr\u00fch im Temperaturprogramm quantifiziert. Cuthbertson et al. beschrieben die M\u00f6glichkeit, Additive bereits durch FTIR-Spektren im EGA-Modus zu identifizieren und deren Konzentration \u00fcber die Temperaturentwicklung nachzuverfolgen.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Welche Vorteile hat die EGA-FTIR-Methode?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Hohe Empfindlichkeit f\u00fcr fl\u00fcchtige und halbfl\u00fcchtige organische Additive, Fr\u00fchzeitige Detektion: Bereits im early-stage des Aufheizprozesses werden alle leicht- und mittelfl\u00fcchtigen Additive erfasst \u2013 noch bevor makroskopische Ver\u00e4nderungen am Festk\u00f6rper sichtbar sind, Spezifische Identifizierung einzelner Emissionen \u00fcber charakteristische FTIR-Banden, Integrierbarkeit in bestehende Thermowaagen-Systeme\"\r\n    }\r\n  }]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A an\u00e1lise de gases evolu\u00eddos em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com a espetroscopia de infravermelhos com transformada de Fourier (EGA-FTIR) \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo estabelecido para analisar a estabilidade t\u00e9rmica e as emiss\u00f5es de aditivos em termopl\u00e1sticos como o polietileno (PE), o polipropileno (PP) e a poliamida (PA).  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":93592,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[654],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-conhecimentos"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103065"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103065\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}