{"id":103544,"date":"2024-07-29T10:41:11","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T08:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/metodos-de-analise-termica\/metodo-da-sonda-de-4-pontos\/"},"modified":"2026-01-12T10:15:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T09:15:03","slug":"metodo-da-sonda-de-4-pontos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/metodos-de-analise-termica\/metodo-da-sonda-de-4-pontos\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9todo da sonda de 4 pontos"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"103544\" class=\"elementor elementor-103544 elementor-23628\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3549cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a3549cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac41c94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac41c94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/linseis_scale-top-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-29175\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b7feb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7b7feb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6100945 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6100945\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc1182c elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc1182c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>\n\nM\u00e9todo da sonda de 4 pontos\n\n<\/b><\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d91a43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d91a43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9413374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"9413374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Produkt 1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;d6fbcdb&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:2000,&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Karussell\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44441f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44441f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50c795f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"50c795f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-1024x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36265\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4a6800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b4a6800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/linseis_scale-bottom-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-29171\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c8d6cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c8d6cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7b7522 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7b7522\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-449b6fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"449b6fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-031217d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-bcn_widget\" data-id=\"031217d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-bcn_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"breadcrumbs\" vocab=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/\" typeof=\"BreadcrumbList\"><span property=\"itemListElement\" typeof=\"ListItem\"><a property=\"item\" typeof=\"WebPage\" title=\"Go to Linseis.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/\" class=\"home\" aria-current=\"page\"><span property=\"name\">Linseis<\/span><\/a><meta property=\"position\" content=\"1\"><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed98f58 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ed98f58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbc47b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bbc47b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71a1ec4 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71a1ec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>M\u00e9todo da sonda de 4 pontos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b6480a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b6480a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Medi\u00e7\u00e3o de 4 pontos<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32d9053 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32d9053\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para caraterizar a <strong>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/?page_id=103477\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\">condutividade el\u00e9ctrica<\/a>\n<\/strong> ou a resistividade de uma amostra, s\u00e3o geralmente utilizados m\u00e9todos de medi\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o com sonda de quatro pontos, uma vez que s\u00e3o f\u00e1ceis de executar e a influ\u00eancia das resist\u00eancias de chumbo e de contacto no resultado da medi\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser suprimida. Quando alargada por um campo magn\u00e9tico, a constante Hall e, consequentemente, a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de portadores de carga, bem como a mobilidade Hall, tamb\u00e9m podem ser determinadas. <strong>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/?page_id=103482\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\">A mobilidade Hall<\/a>\n<\/strong> pode ser medida. <\/p><p>Para uma medi\u00e7\u00e3o correta, a amostra deve formar uma \u00e1rea fechada de espessura constante sem orif\u00edcios, estar isolada eletricamente e estar em contacto com quatro el\u00e9ctrodos separados espacialmente. Dois casos especiais da medi\u00e7\u00e3o com quatro fios, a estrutura Hall-Bar e a medi\u00e7\u00e3o Van der Pauw, s\u00e3o normalmente utilizados com uma geometria de amostra e uma rotina de medi\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edficas. <\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-23631 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/4-point-probe-setup.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/4-point-probe-setup.png 500w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/4-point-probe-setup-300x217.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8801439 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8801439\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fda86f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fda86f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe6d621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe6d621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong> Em princ\u00edpio,<\/strong> a<strong> medi\u00e7\u00e3o com quatro fios pode ser utilizada tanto para amostras macrosc\u00f3picas como para amostras nanoestruturadas<\/strong>. O esfor\u00e7o de prepara\u00e7\u00e3o depende fortemente das propriedades materiais da amostra e pode ser um desafio em determinadas circunst\u00e2ncias. <\/p><p>Os exemplos incluem a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de contactos el\u00e9ctricos com baixa resist\u00eancia de contacto em amostras com baixa mobilidade dos portadores de carga e a medi\u00e7\u00e3o &#8220;fora do plano&#8221; da condutividade el\u00e9ctrica em<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/applikationen\/duennschichttechnik\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\">camadas finas<\/a>.<\/strong> O primeiro caso pode normalmente ser resolvido utilizando el\u00e9ctrodos de grandes dimens\u00f5es e almofadas de contacto espec\u00edficas para as amostras, feitas de um material mais adequado. No entanto, a coloca\u00e7\u00e3o correta dos el\u00e9ctrodos para medir a condutividade el\u00e9ctrica &#8220;fora do plano&#8221; em camadas finas \u00e9 mais dif\u00edcil. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0a9aac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0a9aac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53ea4ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53ea4ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Que propriedades determinam o m\u00e9todo da sonda de 4 pontos?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d38f832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d38f832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A t\u00e9cnica de medi\u00e7\u00e3o com quatro fios \u00e9 utilizada para <strong>determinar as propriedades de transporte el\u00e9trico<\/strong> dos materiais. Estas incluem <strong>a condutividade el\u00e9ctrica, a resist\u00eancia espec\u00edfica, a constante Hall, a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de portadores de carga e a mobilidade dos portadores de carga.<\/strong> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdefdb7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cdefdb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a584c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e9todo da sonda de 4 pontos M\u00e9todo da sonda de 4 pontos Medi\u00e7\u00e3o de 4 pontos Para caraterizar a condutividade el\u00e9ctrica ou a resistividade de uma amostra, s\u00e3o geralmente utilizados m\u00e9todos de medi\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o com sonda de quatro pontos, uma vez que s\u00e3o f\u00e1ceis de executar e a influ\u00eancia das resist\u00eancias de chumbo e de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":103513,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-103544","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103544\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}