{"id":101638,"date":"2024-07-22T10:38:07","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T08:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/bez-kategorii\/pojemnosc-cieplna-wlasciwa-z-modulowanym-dsc\/"},"modified":"2026-01-16T10:04:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T09:04:01","slug":"pojemnosc-cieplna-wlasciwa-z-modulowanym-dsc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wiedza\/pojemnosc-cieplna-wlasciwa-z-modulowanym-dsc\/","title":{"rendered":"Pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna w\u0142a\u015bciwa z modulowanym DSC"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"101638\" class=\"elementor elementor-101638 elementor-15213\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eb8745 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9eb8745\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6c7609 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tSpis tre\u015bci\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c6c7609\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__c6c7609\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__c6c7609\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a9139e elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a9139e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna w\u0142a\u015bciwa (cp)\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffaef65 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffaef65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wissen\/spezifische-waermekapazitaet\/\">\n  <strong>Pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna w\u0142a\u015bciwa <sub>(cp<\/sub>)<\/strong>\n<\/a>cz\u0119sto okre\u015blana jako ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe, jest podstawow\u0105 w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci\u0105 termofizyczn\u0105 materia\u0142u. M\u00f3wi ona o zdolno\u015bci do magazynowania energii cieplnej. Wskazuje ilo\u015b\u0107 ciep\u0142a, kt\u00f3r\u0105 nale\u017cy doda\u0107 do jednego grama masy substancji, aby zwi\u0119kszy\u0107 jej temperatur\u0119 o jeden Kelwin. \u017badna przemiana fazowa pierwszego rz\u0119du (np. topnienie) nie powinna mie\u0107 miejsca, poniewa\u017c w takim przypadku cp mo\u017ce by\u0107 niesko\u0144czenie du\u017ce i dlatego nie mo\u017cna go zmierzy\u0107.   <\/p><p><strong>Jednostk\u0105 ciep\u0142a w\u0142a\u015bciwego w uk\u0142adzie SI jest d\u017cul na gram razy Kelwin [J\/g*K].<\/strong><\/p><p>Og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, pojemno\u015b\u0107 ciepln\u0105 w\u0142a\u015bciw\u0105 mo\u017cna <strong>podzieli\u0107<\/strong> <strong>na<\/strong> <strong>izobaryczn\u0105<\/strong> <strong>(<\/strong> <strong>cp;<\/strong> <strong>przy<\/strong> <strong>sta\u0142ym<\/strong> <strong>ci\u015bnieniu)<\/strong> <strong>i<\/strong> <strong>izochoryczn\u0105<\/strong> <strong>pojemno\u015b\u0107 ciepln\u0105<\/strong> <strong>(cV,<\/strong> <strong>przy<\/strong> <strong>sta\u0142ej<\/strong> <strong>obj\u0119to\u015bci)<\/strong> w oparciu o pobrane ciep\u0142o. Podczas gdy przy sta\u0142ej obj\u0119to\u015bci ilo\u015b\u0107 ciep\u0142a jest ca\u0142kowicie wykorzystywana do zwi\u0119kszenia temperatury, przy sta\u0142ym ci\u015bnieniu cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 ciep\u0142a jest wymagana do zmiany obj\u0119to\u015bci. Nale\u017cy to uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 podczas pomiaru gaz\u00f3w i opar\u00f3w.  <\/p><p>Przy du\u017cej warto\u015bci Cp, pewna ilo\u015b\u0107 ciep\u0142a prowadzi tylko do niewielkiego wzrostu temperatury, podczas gdy je\u015bli warto\u015b\u0107 jest ma\u0142a, ta sama ilo\u015b\u0107 ciep\u0142a mo\u017ce spowodowa\u0107 wi\u0119kszy wzrost temperatury. Pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna w\u0142a\u015bciwa dla cia\u0142 sta\u0142ych i cieczy wynosi od 0,1 do 5 J\/g*K. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3efc034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3efc034\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dad7d08 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"dad7d08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-56\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-56\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Substanz<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Aluminium<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Glas<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Schokolade<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Zement<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">Wasser (20 \u00b0C)<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">PET (kristallin, 20\u00b0C)<br \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Cp in [J\/g*K]<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,896<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,6 bis 0,8<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">3,140<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">0,754<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">4,187<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">1,510<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-56 from cache --><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4797f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c4797f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Tabela 1: Warto\u015bci cp niekt\u00f3rych materia\u0142\u00f3w (Chemie.de\/kern.de)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83ea1d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"83ea1d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76d3cf6 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76d3cf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jako wa\u017cna w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015b\u0107 materia\u0142u, cp jest wymieniona w specyfikacjach i arkuszach danych; jest u\u017cywana do obliczania warto\u015bci termodynamicznych, takich jak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/startseite\/messgroessen\/enthalpie\/\">\n  <strong>entalpia<\/strong>\n<\/a> i entropia. Pomaga r\u00f3wnie\u017c w ocenie materia\u0142\u00f3w i ich zastosowa\u0144 we wszystkich sektorach przemys\u0142u. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8fdc89 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8fdc89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okre\u015blenie pojemno\u015bci cieplnej w\u0142a\u015bciwej przy u\u017cyciu DSC\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c02ac1 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c02ac1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jako wielko\u015b\u0107 termodynamiczna, cp mo\u017ce by\u0107<sub>okre\u015blona <\/sub>za pomoc\u0105 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/startseite\/methoden\/dynamische-differenz-kalorimetrie\/\">\n  <strong>r\u00f3\u017cnicowej kalorymetrii skaningowej<\/strong>\n<\/a> (r\u00f3\u017cnicowa kalorymetria skaningowa: DSC). W tym celu pr\u00f3bka i odno\u015bnik s\u0105 poddawane dynamicznemu programowi temperaturowemu w piecu DSC. R\u00f3\u017cnica temperatur, kt\u00f3ra tworzy si\u0119 mi\u0119dzy pr\u00f3bk\u0105 a r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0105, jest przypisywana do przep\u0142ywu ciep\u0142a po odpowiedniej kalibracji. Dost\u0119pne s\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne metody pomiaru.   <\/p><p>W metodzie<strong> bezpo\u015bredniej cp jest obliczane<sub>bezpo\u015brednio <\/sub>na podstawie przep\u0142ywu ciep\u0142a podzielonego przez szybko\u015b\u0107 ogrzewania i mas\u0119 pr\u00f3bki.<\/strong> Metoda ta jest szybka, ale niezbyt dok\u0142adna. Z tego powodu opracowano dok\u0142adniejsz\u0105 metod\u0119 szafirow\u0105, kt\u00f3ra jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c zgodna z normami DIN 51007 i ASTM E 1269. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc07b57 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc07b57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metoda szafirowa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176a0ea elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"176a0ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Metoda szafirowa jest metod\u0105 por\u00f3wnawcz\u0105<\/strong>. Przeprowadzane s\u0105 trzy pomiary w identycznych warunkach. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f59ed8 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f59ed8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Pierwszy z nich jest przeprowadzany z dwoma pustymi tyglami w celu wyznaczenia krzywej \u015blepej.<\/li><li>W drugim etapie, p\u0142aski szafirowy kr\u0105\u017cek (tlenek glinu \u03b1) o znanej masie i znanej pojemno\u015bci cieplnej w\u0142a\u015bciwej jest mierzony jako odniesienie (drugi tygiel pozostaje pusty).<\/li><li>W przypadku trzeciego pomiaru, szafirowy dysk jest zast\u0119powany pr\u00f3bk\u0105 o nieznanym cp i uruchamiany jest program.<\/li><li>Krzyw\u0105 pojemno\u015bci cieplnej w\u0142a\u015bciwej pr\u00f3bki mo\u017cna nast\u0119pnie wyznaczy\u0107 jako funkcj\u0119 temperatury przy u\u017cyciu trzech krzywych pomiarowych zgodnie z nast\u0119puj\u0105cym r\u00f3wnaniem:<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eac9a92 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eac9a92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"68\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Formel-fuer-Cp-300x68-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-33707\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e833a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e833a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>S\u0105 to:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33229bc elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33229bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>cp<sub>,p<\/sub>: pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna w\u0142a\u015bciwa pr\u00f3bki<\/li><li>cp<sub>,sap<\/sub>: pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna w\u0142a\u015bciwa szafiru odniesienia<\/li><li><sub>\u03b8p<\/sub>: Przep\u0142yw ciep\u0142a przez pr\u00f3bk\u0119<\/li><li><sub>\u03b80<\/sub>: Przep\u0142yw ciep\u0142a krzywej oboj\u0119tnej<\/li><li><sub>\u03b8sap<\/sub>: Przep\u0142yw ciep\u0142a szafirowego uk\u0142adu odniesienia<\/li><li><sub>msap<\/sub>: masa szafirowego odniesienia<\/li><li><sub>mp<\/sub>: masa pr\u00f3bki<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc90739 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc90739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uwzgl\u0119dnienie b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w podczas pomiaru Cp\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b05a855 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b05a855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Podczas obliczania Cp nale\u017cy upewni\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce do wszystkich trzech pomiar\u00f3w u\u017cywane s\u0105 te same tygle.<\/strong>  Je\u015bli nie jest to mo\u017cliwe, masy i cp tygli musz\u0105 by\u0107 znane. Niepewno\u015bci te nale\u017cy uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 podczas analizy b\u0142\u0119du. <br><br>Nale\u017cy r\u00f3wnie\u017c zauwa\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce <strong>czu\u0142o\u015b\u0107 pomiaru maleje wraz ze wzrostem temperatury<\/strong>. Zmierzony przep\u0142yw ciep\u0142a (sygna\u0142 DSC) pr\u00f3bki r\u00f3wnie\u017c podlega b\u0142\u0119dom. Jest on spowodowany oporem cieplnym mi\u0119dzy czujnikiem a pr\u00f3bk\u0105 i jest zawsze mniejszy ni\u017c rzeczywisty przep\u0142yw ciep\u0142a.    <strong>B\u0142\u0105d ten jest powi\u0119kszany przez wyra\u017any profil temperatury w materiale podczas ogrzewania.<\/strong>  Zbyt wysokie szybko\u015bci ogrzewania, du\u017ce masy i pojemno\u015bci cieplne, a tak\u017ce s\u0142aby kontakt termiczny mi\u0119dzy pr\u00f3bk\u0105, tyglem i czujnikiem maj\u0105 szczeg\u00f3lnie negatywny wp\u0142yw.<br><br>Nale\u017cy r\u00f3wnie\u017c zadba\u0107 o to, aby <strong>przewodno\u015b\u0107 cieplna i pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna w\u0142a\u015bciwa odniesienia mie\u015bci\u0142y si\u0119 w zakresie pr\u00f3bki<\/strong>, tak aby mo\u017cna by\u0142o uzyska\u0107 takie same przep\u0142ywy ciep\u0142a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-945d197 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"945d197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pomiary DSC z modulacj\u0105 temperatury\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22729e7 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22729e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Je\u015bli <strong>efekty odwracaj\u0105ce i nieodwracaj\u0105ce wyst\u0119puj\u0105 jednocze\u015bnie<\/strong> podczas <strong>konwencjonalnego pomiaru DSC, w sygnale DSC wyst\u0119puje superpozycja, co uniemo\u017cliwia jednoznaczn\u0105 ocen\u0119<\/strong>. DSC z modulacj\u0105 temperatury oferuje rozwi\u0105zanie, pozwalaj\u0105c na oddzielenie od siebie na\u0142o\u017conych efekt\u00f3w. <\/p><p>Na szybko\u015b\u0107 ogrzewania nak\u0142ada si\u0119 sinusoidalna modulacja temperatury. Rezultatem jest dwucz\u0119\u015bciowa kontrola temperatury: liniowa lub sta\u0142a cz\u0119\u015b\u0107, kt\u00f3ra koliduje z nieliniow\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 o stosunkowo szybkich zmianach temperatury. Proces jest zgodny z norm\u0105 ASTM E2716 09.  <br><strong>Zalet\u0105 tego modulowanego temperaturowo pomiaru jest to, \u017ce w wysokich temperaturach mo\u017cna osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 dok\u0142adno\u015b\u0107 do 1%.<\/strong>  Okre\u015blenie pojemno\u015bci cieplnej w\u0142a\u015bciwej wymaga czasoch\u0142onnej procedury. Jest to op\u0142acalne, je\u015bli cp ma by\u0107 mierzone podczas proces\u00f3w kinetycznych, takich jak reakcje chemiczne, krystalizacja lub parowanie. Wymagane jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c specjalne oprogramowanie do oceny.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95b4182 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95b4182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wp\u0142yw materia\u0142u tygla\n\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16645e9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16645e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>W przypadku pomiar\u00f3w DSC wa\u017cne jest, aby tygiel i pr\u00f3bka by\u0142y kompatybilne. Pokrywa tygla r\u00f3wnie\u017c ma wp\u0142yw na wyniki pomiar\u00f3w. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0e1c42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f0e1c42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pojemno\u015b\u0107 cieplna w\u0142a\u015bciwa (cp), cz\u0119sto okre\u015blana jako ciep\u0142o w\u0142a\u015bciwe, jest podstawow\u0105 w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci\u0105 termofizyczn\u0105 materia\u0142u. M\u00f3wi ona o zdolno\u015bci do magazynowania energii cieplnej.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":33699,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[596],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiedza"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101638"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101638\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}