{"id":101999,"date":"2024-07-29T10:41:11","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T08:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/metody-analizy-termicznej\/metoda-sondy-4-punktowej\/"},"modified":"2026-01-16T10:20:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T09:20:11","slug":"metoda-sondy-4-punktowej","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/metody-analizy-termicznej\/metoda-sondy-4-punktowej\/","title":{"rendered":"Metoda sondy 4-punktowej"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"101999\" class=\"elementor elementor-101999 elementor-23628\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3549cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a3549cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac41c94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac41c94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/linseis_scale-top-1.svg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b7feb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7b7feb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6100945 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6100945\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc1182c elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc1182c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>\n\nMetoda sondy 4-punktowej\n\n<\/b><\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d91a43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d91a43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9413374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"9413374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Produkt 1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;d6fbcdb&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:2000,&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Karussell\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44441f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44441f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50c795f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"50c795f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-1024x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36264\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Linseis-Icons_Linien-weiss_Zeichenflaeche-1-Kopie-88-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4a6800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b4a6800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/linseis_scale-bottom-1.svg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c8d6cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c8d6cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7b7522 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7b7522\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-449b6fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"449b6fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-031217d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-bcn_widget\" data-id=\"031217d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-bcn_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"breadcrumbs\" vocab=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/\" typeof=\"BreadcrumbList\"><span property=\"itemListElement\" typeof=\"ListItem\"><a property=\"item\" typeof=\"WebPage\" title=\"Przejd\u017a do Linseis.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/\" class=\"home\" aria-current=\"page\"><span property=\"name\">Linseis<\/span><\/a><meta property=\"position\" content=\"1\"><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed98f58 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ed98f58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbc47b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bbc47b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71a1ec4 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71a1ec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Metoda sondy 4-punktowej<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b6480a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b6480a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>4-punktowy pomiar<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32d9053 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32d9053\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aby scharakteryzowa\u0107 <strong>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/?page_id=101938\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\">przewodno\u015bci elektrycznej<\/a>\n<\/strong> lub rezystywno\u015bci pr\u00f3bki, zazwyczaj stosuje si\u0119 standardowe metody pomiarowe z czteropunktow\u0105 sond\u0105, poniewa\u017c s\u0105 one \u0142atwe do wykonania, a wp\u0142yw rezystancji o\u0142owiu i rezystancji kontaktowej na wynik pomiaru mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 wyeliminowany. Po rozszerzeniu o pole magnetyczne mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c okre\u015bli\u0107 sta\u0142\u0105 Halla, a w rezultacie koncentracj\u0119 no\u015bnik\u00f3w \u0142adunku oraz ruchliwo\u015b\u0107 Halla. <strong>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/?page_id=101943\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\">Ruchliwo\u015b\u0107 Halla<\/a>\n<\/strong> mo\u017ce by\u0107 mierzona. <\/p><p>Aby pomiar by\u0142 prawid\u0142owy, pr\u00f3bka musi tworzy\u0107 zamkni\u0119ty obszar o sta\u0142ej grubo\u015bci bez otwor\u00f3w, by\u0107 izolowana elektrycznie i styka\u0107 si\u0119 z czterema oddzielonymi przestrzennie elektrodami. Dwa specjalne przypadki pomiaru czteroprzewodowego, struktura Hall-Bar i pomiar Van der Pauw, s\u0105 zwykle u\u017cywane z okre\u015blon\u0105 geometri\u0105 pr\u00f3bki i procedur\u0105 pomiarow\u0105. <\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-23631 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/4-point-probe-setup.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/4-point-probe-setup.png 500w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/4-point-probe-setup-300x217.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8801439 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8801439\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fda86f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fda86f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe6d621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe6d621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zasadniczo<strong> pomiar czteroprzewodowy mo\u017ce by\u0107 stosowany zar\u00f3wno do pr\u00f3bek makroskopowych, jak i nanostrukturalnych<\/strong>. Wysi\u0142ek zwi\u0105zany z przygotowaniem zale\u017cy w du\u017cej mierze od w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci materia\u0142u pr\u00f3bki i w pewnych okoliczno\u015bciach mo\u017ce stanowi\u0107 wyzwanie. <\/p><p>Przyk\u0142ady obejmuj\u0105 wytwarzanie styk\u00f3w elektrycznych o niskiej rezystancji styku na pr\u00f3bkach o niskiej ruchliwo\u015bci no\u015bnik\u00f3w \u0142adunku oraz pomiar przewodno\u015bci elektrycznej &#8222;poza p\u0142aszczyzn\u0105&#8221; na<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/applikationen\/duennschichttechnik\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\">cienkich warstwach<\/a>.<\/strong> Pierwszy z nich mo\u017cna zwykle rozwi\u0105za\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 du\u017cych elektrod i specyficznych dla pr\u00f3bki podk\u0142adek kontaktowych wykonanych z bardziej odpowiedniego materia\u0142u. Jednak prawid\u0142owe umieszczenie elektrod do pomiaru przewodno\u015bci elektrycznej &#8222;poza p\u0142aszczyzn\u0105&#8221; na cienkich warstwach jest trudniejsze. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0a9aac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0a9aac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53ea4ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53ea4ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Jakie w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci okre\u015blaj\u0105 metod\u0119 4-punktowej sondy?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d38f832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d38f832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Czteroprzewodowa technika pomiarowa s\u0142u\u017cy do <strong>okre\u015blania w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci transportu elektrycznego<\/strong> materia\u0142\u00f3w. Obejmuj\u0105 one <strong>przewodno\u015b\u0107 elektryczn\u0105, op\u00f3r w\u0142a\u015bciwy, sta\u0142\u0105 Halla, koncentracj\u0119 no\u015bnik\u00f3w \u0142adunku i ruchliwo\u015b\u0107 no\u015bnik\u00f3w \u0142adunku.<\/strong> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdefdb7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cdefdb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a584c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metoda sondy 4-punktowej Metoda sondy 4-punktowej 4-punktowy pomiar Aby scharakteryzowa\u0107 przewodno\u015bci elektrycznej lub rezystywno\u015bci pr\u00f3bki, zazwyczaj stosuje si\u0119 standardowe metody pomiarowe z czteropunktow\u0105 sond\u0105, poniewa\u017c s\u0105 one \u0142atwe do wykonania, a wp\u0142yw rezystancji o\u0142owiu i rezystancji kontaktowej na wynik pomiaru mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 wyeliminowany. Po rozszerzeniu o pole magnetyczne mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c okre\u015bli\u0107 sta\u0142\u0105 Halla, a w [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":101974,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-101999","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101999"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101999\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}