{"id":95674,"date":"2025-08-21T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/?p=95674"},"modified":"2025-12-19T09:19:23","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:19:23","slug":"thermal-properties-of-battery-cells-the-transient-hot-bridge-as-a-key-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/thermal-properties-of-battery-cells-the-transient-hot-bridge-as-a-key-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal properties of battery cells: The transient hot bridge as a key technology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"95674\" class=\"elementor elementor-95674 elementor-95648\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b4747 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"57b4747\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fe42cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8fe42cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa11874 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aa11874\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c989c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c989c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6ae84c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6ae84c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b1d688 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b1d688\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f88904 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"4f88904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4f88904\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4f88904\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__4f88904\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a92670d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a92670d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04a345c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"04a345c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermal behavior as the key to battery performance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b22fc03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b22fc03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The development of efficient and long-lasting batteries requires a detailed understanding of the thermophysical properties of cell components. Especially in the characterization of <b>lithium iron phosphate (LFP)<\/b>, <b>nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC)<\/b> and <b>solid electrolytes<\/b>, the precise measurement of thermal parameters is crucial in order to understand and control ageing mechanisms and efficiency losses during charge and discharge cycles. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/methods\/transient-hot-bridge-thb\/\"><strong>Transient Hot Bridge (THB)<\/strong><\/a> method has proven to be the central method for the precise determination of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/properties\/thermal-conductivity\/\"><strong>thermal conductivity<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/properties\/thermal-diffusivity\/\"><strong>thermal diffusivity<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/properties\/specific-heat-capacity\/\"><strong>specific heat capacity<\/strong><\/a> established. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a3bb73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a3bb73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Transient Hot Bridge Method: Technical superiority<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9873860 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9873860\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/thb-l56\/\"><strong>THB<\/strong><\/a>-method improves the accuracy of measuring the thermal properties of cell components on several levels and offers decisive advantages over older methods such as the <strong>transient hot strip (THS)<\/strong> or classic heating wire methods. As an absolute measurement method, it requires no additional calibration or reference measurement, which eliminates systematic errors due to reference deviations (Linseis Messger\u00e4te GmbH, 2024). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec9c29e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ec9c29e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7e2d86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7e2d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Technical structure and measuring principle<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a2ec8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30a2ec8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sensor of the <b>THB method<\/b> is realized as a printed circuit foil made of <b>nickel<\/b> between two <b>polyimide foils<\/b>. The layout consists of four heating strips arranged in parallel and connected to form a Wheatstone bridge. At constant temperature, the bridge is inherently balanced, i.e. no calibration is required.  <\/p><p>A particularly important advantage of the <b>THB <\/b>is the compensation of edge effects. While conventional <strong>heating wire methods<\/strong> are affected by heat losses via connections or edge areas, these edge effects are measured with the <strong>THB measurement method<\/strong> and can therefore be subtracted from the result. <\/p><p>The method covers a wide range of thermal conductivity measurements from 0.01 to 1000 W\/(m*K) and complies with international standards such as <a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d5930-17.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ASTM D5930<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d7896-19.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ASTM D7896-19<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dinmedia.de\/de\/norm\/din-en-iso-22007-2\/229451565\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ISO 22007-2<\/strong><\/a>which ensures comparability and quality assurance. The short measuring times of often less than one minute are particularly advantageous. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9fb02b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e9fb02b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4b7eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b4b7eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Critical thermophysical parameters for battery cells<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b992738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b992738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Several thermophysical parameters are of decisive importance for the ageing and efficiency of <b>NMC<\/b> and <b>LFP cells<\/b> during <b>charging and discharging cycles<\/b>:<\/p><p>The <b>thermal conductivity<\/b> determines how efficiently heat can be dissipated within the cell. High <b>thermal conductivity <\/b>ensures an even temperature distribution and prevents hotspots that can cause high local temperatures and thus accelerated ageing. Marconnet et al. (2024) show that the decrease in <b>thermal conductivity <\/b>due to ageing directly reduces the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries &#8211; in some cases by up to 75% after long high-temperature loads and several thousand cycles.   <\/p><p>The <b>specific heat capacity<\/b> defines how much heat a cell component can absorb until the temperature rises. Materials with a high heat capacity buffer temperature fluctuations better and can therefore reduce cell damage during rapid charging\/discharging processes. The <b>specific heat capacity<\/b> can change due to ageing and material fatigue and thus influences the temperature profiles during the cycle.  <\/p><p>The <b>thermal diffusivity<\/b> indicates how quickly temperature changes spread through the material. Low thermal diffusivity leads to inertially changing temperature zones within the cell &#8211; particularly critical at high C rates, because in such cases dangerous temperature gradients can form, which promote locally accelerated ageing. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e9dd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b7e9dd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practical application examples<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d1882 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95d1882\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Anode material characterization<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfaba7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfaba7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A specific application example is the measurement of the <b>thermal conductivity <\/b>of anode material applied to a thin copper current collector. These measurements are important for the development, optimization and design of battery thermal management systems. The <b>THB method<\/b> makes it possible to characterize both the coating and the substrate material in their entirety.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72b3d3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72b3d3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quality control in battery production<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cca05d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cca05d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In industrial battery production, the <b>THB method<\/b> is used for continuous quality control of raw materials.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba7a57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ba7a57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Development of new electrode materials<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b32c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77b32c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The method delivers results for solids and liquids as well as powders and pastes with high measurement accuracy, which makes it particularly valuable for the development of innovative electrode materials.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be0b508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be0b508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Material-specific considerations and ageing effects<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4451a72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4451a72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>LFP cells<\/b> are known for their chemical stability and moderate temperature dependence, but microstructural damage to the electrode due to cyclic loading can significantly deteriorate the thermal conductivity and heat capacity. <b>NMC cells<\/b> often show a stronger temperature and aging dependence in their thermal properties, which places higher demands on thermal management and material characterization (Ali et al., 2023).<\/p><p>Solid electrolytes offer the potential for increased safety, but their sometimes low intrinsic thermal conductivity poses new challenges for temperature homogeneity and requires particularly precise and spatially resolved measurement methods such as <b>THB<\/b>. Steinhardt et al. (2022) experimentally confirm that strong temperature increases and gradients negatively influence both the ageing and the performance of the cells.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e16a591 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e16a591\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparison of methods: THB versus established methods<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad8ef1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad8ef1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparison with Laser Flash Analysis (LFA)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94fc90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b94fc90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <b>THB measurement method<\/b> provides the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and, if the density is known, the <b>specific heat capacity<\/b>. With the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/lfa-laser-flash-analyzer\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><strong>laser flash method<\/strong><\/a> only provides the <b>thermal diffusivity<\/b>. Furthermore, the measurements with the <b>THB <\/b>are very simple and can be carried out without prior knowledge. In addition, the measurements only take a few seconds to minutes.   <\/p><p>The advantage of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/lfa-l52\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><strong>LFA<\/strong><\/a> lies in the large temperature range from -150 to 2800\u00b0C that can be covered. The <b>THB <\/b>can be used in the temperature range from -150 to 700\u00b0C. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5581656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5581656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Advantages over conventional hot wire methods<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ac678 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ac678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Traditional hot wire methods suffer from edge effects and cable influences that can lead to systematic measurement errors. The <b>THB <\/b>eliminates these problems by: <\/p><ul><li>Measurement and compensation of boundary effects leads to significantly higher accuracies<\/li><li>Bridge configuration greatly simplifies calibration and operation of the measuring device<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb2ca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cb2ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Advantages over conventional hot wire methods<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55b97cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55b97cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Traditional hot wire methods suffer from edge effects and cable influences that can lead to systematic measurement errors. The <b>THB <\/b>eliminates these problems by: <\/p><ul><li>Measurement and compensation of boundary effects leads to significantly higher accuracies<\/li><li>Bridge configuration greatly simplifies calibration and operation of the measuring device<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d90305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8d90305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f172b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00f172b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Significance for battery safety<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-260a773 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"260a773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Precise characterization of thermophysical properties is crucial for assessing battery safety. Regulatory authorities increasingly require detailed thermal models to predict behavior under abuse conditions. The standard-compliant <b>THB method<\/b> provides the necessary basic data for these safety assessments and contributes to the approval of battery products.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163f386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"163f386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion for research and development<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57798d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57798d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <b>Transient Hot Bridge<\/b> method maximizes the accuracy of the measurement of thermal properties of cell components through calibration-free, boundary effect-compensated measurement, high material flexibility and short measurement times. Only through precise, reproducible measurements of all relevant thermophysical parameters can cell materials be efficiently evaluated today, new designs developed and quality standards guaranteed. For the characterization and optimization of modern battery materials &#8211; from electrodes and separators to solid electrolytes &#8211; it is therefore an indispensable tool in the laboratory and offers maximum precision and application flexibility specifically for the needs of modern battery research and development.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3e594d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a3e594d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efce10d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efce10d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"marker:text-quiet list-disc\"><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Ali, H. et al. (2023). &#8220;Assessment of the calendar aging of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle applications&#8221;. Frontiers in Energy Research: <\/strong><br><a class=\"break-word hover:text-super hover:decoration-super underline decoration-from-font underline-offset-1 transition-all duration-300\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fenrg.2023.1152637\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fenrg.2023.1152637\/full<\/a><\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Marconnet, A. et al. (2024). &#8220;Impact of aging on the thermophysical properties of lithium-ion battery electrodes&#8221;. Journal of Power Sources: <\/strong><br><a class=\"break-word hover:text-super hover:decoration-super underline decoration-from-font underline-offset-1 transition-all duration-300\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378775324003636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378775324003636<\/a><\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Hammerschmidt, U. &#8220;Transient Hot Bridge&#8221;. Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig: <\/strong><br><a class=\"break-word hover:text-super hover:decoration-super underline decoration-from-font underline-offset-1 transition-all duration-300\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ptb.de\/cms\/de\/ptb\/fachabteilungen\/abt01\/fb-11\/ag-113\/waermetransport-in-festkoerpern\/transient-hot-bridge-messverfahren.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.ptb.de\/cms\/de\/ptb\/fachabteilungen\/abt01\/fb-11\/ag-113\/waermetransport-in-festkoerpern\/transient-hot-bridge-messverfahren.html<\/a><\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Steinhardt, M. et al. (2022). &#8220;Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Conductivity of Lithium-Ion Battery Components&#8221; (Open-Access Preprint on arXiv):<\/strong><br><a class=\"break-word hover:text-super hover:decoration-super underline decoration-from-font underline-offset-1 transition-all duration-300\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2203.12535\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2203.12535<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The development of efficient and long-lasting batteries requires a detailed understanding of the thermophysical properties of cell components. Especially when characterizing lithium iron phosphate (LFP), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and solid electrolytes, the precise measurement of thermal parameters is crucial in order to understand and control ageing mechanisms and efficiency losses during charging and discharging cycles. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":95652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95674"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95674\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95674"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}