{"id":94157,"date":"2025-08-12T10:34:21","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T08:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/unkategorisiert\/tga-based-moisture-and-stability-analysis-of-pharmaceutical-gelatine-capsules\/"},"modified":"2025-12-19T09:48:41","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:48:41","slug":"tga-based-moisture-and-stability-analysis-of-pharmaceutical-gelatine-capsules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/tga-based-moisture-and-stability-analysis-of-pharmaceutical-gelatine-capsules\/","title":{"rendered":"TGA-based moisture and stability analysis of pharmaceutical gelatine capsules"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"94157\" class=\"elementor elementor-94157 elementor-94107\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b4747 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"57b4747\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fe42cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8fe42cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa11874 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aa11874\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c989c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c989c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6ae84c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6ae84c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b1d688 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b1d688\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f88904 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"4f88904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4f88904\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4f88904\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__4f88904\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a92670d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a92670d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04a345c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"04a345c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of gelatine capsules: basics and significance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b22fc03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b22fc03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/tga-thermogravimetry\/\"><strong>thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)<\/strong><\/a> is a key method in pharmaceutical and medical analysis to quantitatively monitor the moisture behavior and stability of materials such as gelatine capsules under real storage conditions. Especially with hygroscopic materials such as gelatine, knowledge of the moisture content is crucial, as this has a significant influence on capsule strength, release properties and overall stability during storage and transportation (1). The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/tga-thermogravimetry\/tga-l83\/\"><strong>TGA<\/strong><\/a> continuously measures the mass change of a sample at a controlled temperature rise and thus enables precise characterization of the thermal properties of pharmaceutical materials. For gelatine capsules, it is possible to determine exactly how much water is contained in different types of binding and how this moisture evaporates when heated or during long-term storage. The method not only provides the pure moisture content, but also detailed information on the interaction between water and the capsule matrix as well as on the mechanics of relevant transitions such as glass transition and melting point (2).   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a3bb73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a3bb73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Central aspects of the TGA application:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9873860 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9873860\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Continuous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/properties\/mass-change\/\"><strong>mass monitoring<\/strong><\/a> with controlled temperature rise<\/li><li>Differentiation between free and bound moisture in the gelatine matrix<\/li><li>Quantification of water evaporation processes in the 40-150\u00b0C range<\/li><li>Detection of thermal transitions and structural changes<\/li><li>Correlation between mass loss and moisture loss of the samples<\/li><li>Validation of storage stability under different environmental conditions<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec9c29e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ec9c29e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a2ec8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30a2ec8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A model known as sorption-desorption moisture transfer describes the transfer of water between the capsule wall and the capsule filling during storage. The use of this model in conjunction with TG analysis data allows the prediction of the equilibrium moisture content in the system and helps to select storage conditions in such a way as to prevent the capsules from cracking or sticking together (3). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9fb02b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e9fb02b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a5719f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8a5719f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/164-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-94123\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/164-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/164-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/164-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/164.png 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4b7eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b4b7eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Residual moisture as a critical stability factor over longer storage periods<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b992738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b992738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gelatine capsules are characterized by a typical initial residual moisture content of around 13% &#8211; a value that is relatively stable after production but is subject to considerable fluctuations due to external influences such as temperature and humidity. The optimum residual moisture for gelatine capsules is ideally between 12-16%, which gives them the necessary flexibility and elasticity and acts as a natural plasticizer for the gelatine matrix (4). During a three-month storage period, TGA can be used to quantitatively monitor how the residual moisture is lost or absorbed under different environmental conditions. Published studies show that the residual moisture of the gelatine capsule increases significantly after just 24 hours under increased humidity and the material properties are affected. Over longer storage periods, moisture equalization with the environment tends to be completed, so that the capsules either increase in moisture or successively lose moisture under dry conditions (5).    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e9dd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b7e9dd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Critical moisture areas and their effects:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfaba7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfaba7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Residual moisture too low (&lt;8-10%): Loss of flexibility, embrittlement, increased risk of breakage during handling<\/li><li>Optimum residual moisture (12-16%): Balanced mechanical properties, stable release properties<\/li><li>Excessive residual moisture (&gt;16%): Increased plasticity, sticking, deformation of the capsule geometry<\/li><li>Extreme humidity (&gt;65% RH): deformation, mold growth, microbial growth, loss of function<\/li><li>Long-term effects: Moisture equalization with the environment leads to permanent changes in properties<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e16a591 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e16a591\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TGA-based evaluation of moisture changes:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94fc90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b94fc90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Quantitative determination of moisture loss through precise mass measurement in the temperature range 40-150\u00b0C<\/li><li>Seamless tracking of changes in humidity over longer storage periods of 3 months and more<\/li><li>Detection of critical moisture areas to avoid stability problems at an early stage<\/li><li>Correlation between environmental conditions and resulting material changes<\/li><li>Objective, scientifically sound basis for quality management and regulatory compliance<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d90305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8d90305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc64e37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc64e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The ability of gelatine capsules to absorb or release water results from the molecular structure of the gelatine itself. The polymer matrix can become plasticized or brittle due to the moisture content, whereby the flexibility decreases with decreasing residual moisture and the capsule can become brittle. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f172b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00f172b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermal properties and long-term stability of pharmaceutical gelatine capsules<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-260a773 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"260a773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The key thermal properties for the long-term stability of gelatine capsules include the glass transition temperature, melting point, behavior under humidity fluctuations, thermal decomposition and specific heat capacity. These parameters fundamentally determine how the capsule retains its mechanical integrity, flexibility and protective function over the entire storage period and during transportation (6). The glass transition temperature describes the critical temperature range in which gelatine changes from a glassy, brittle state to a flexible, rubbery state. If the storage moisture or temperature falls below a critical value, the capsule becomes brittle and susceptible to breakage. If the humidity is too high or the glass transition temperature is exceeded, it tends to deform, stick or release the contents of the capsule in an uncontrolled manner. The melting point marks the transition from solid to liquid, whereby temperatures above 30\u00b0C can already become problematic with long-term exposure.     <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163f386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"163f386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Central thermal parameters and their significance:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57798d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57798d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/glass-transition-temperature\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><strong>Glass transition temperature (Tg):<\/strong><\/a> Critical transition from brittle to flexible material behavior<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/melting-point-crystallization-and-glass-transition-in-polymers\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><strong>Melting point (Tm)<\/strong><\/a>:&nbsp;Temperature limit for dimensional stability (&gt;30\u00b0C permanently problematic)<\/li>\n<li>Thermal decomposition temperature: Structural degradation of the gelatine matrix above 150\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/properties\/specific-heat-capacity\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><strong>Specific heat capacity:<\/strong><\/a> Measure of thermal reactivity and energy requirement<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/what-happens-during-crystallization-tc\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><strong>Crystallization behaviour:<\/strong><\/a> Structural changes with temperature fluctuations<\/li>\n<li>Phase transitions: Reversible and irreversible changes of state of the capsule matrix<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d7582f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d7582f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effects of thermal properties on product stability:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e97873c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e97873c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Mechanical integrity: Preservation of capsule shape and strength over the storage period<\/li><li>Release properties: control of active substance release in a physiological environment<\/li><li>Chemical stability: Protection against thermally induced degradation of the capsule matrix<\/li><li>Solubility behavior: Influencing the dissolution kinetics in the gastrointestinal tract<\/li><li>Cross-linking resistance: avoidance of irreversible cross-linking reactions<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3e594d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a3e594d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91f1bf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91f1bf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Above certain temperatures, thermal decomposition of the gelatine sets in, whereby this threshold is less relevant in practical storage, but must be taken into account in process steps or analytical methods. The purity and thermal stability of the gelatine used is crucial, as oxidation by light and heat can reduce the mechanical strength and integrity. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e583fea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e583fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Influence of environmental factors on chemical stability and material integrity<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-055ed01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"055ed01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Temperature and humidity are the two key environmental factors that significantly and often synergistically influence the chemical stability of gelatine capsules. Higher temperatures increase the mobility of the gelatine molecular chains and thus weaken the intermolecular bonds within the capsule matrix. This allows water and other small molecules to penetrate the gelatin structure more easily, which significantly increases the susceptibility to chemical degradation processes such as hydrolysis, oxidation and undesired cross-linking (7).  <\/p><p>As the temperature rises, chemical reactions accelerate exponentially, with mechanical and chemical stability being significantly reduced from 35-40\u00b0C. In extreme cases, the gelatine matrix can collapse, leading to sticking, irreversible deformation or partial melting of the capsule. In extreme cases, the gelatine matrix can collapse, leading to sticking, irreversible deformation or partial melting of the capsule and thus compromising dosing safety and active ingredient protection. High storage temperatures also lead to fluctuations in the residual moisture in the gelatine capsule and to a decrease in the glass transition temperature, which makes the capsule softer and chemically more vulnerable.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35f17da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"35f17da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Temperature-related stability risks:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ead5af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ead5af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Acceleration of chemical reactions (hydrolysis, oxidation, cross-linking) from 35\u00b0C<\/li><li>Increase in molecular mobility and weakening of intermolecular bonds<\/li><li>Influencing the residual moisture and lowering the glass transition temperature<\/li><li>Risk of matrix collapse, deformation and melting processes<\/li><li>Compromising dosing safety and active ingredient protection<\/li><li>Irreversible structural changes with prolonged exposure<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb35472 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"eb35472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f73df9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f73df9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Humidity-related degradation mechanisms:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37250f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37250f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Hygroscopic behavior leads to uncontrolled water absorption at &gt;60% rH<\/li><li>Reduction of the glass transition temperature due to increased water content<\/li><li>Promotion of chemical degradation processes due to excess moisture in the matrix<\/li><li>Facilitation of hydrolysis and microbial decomposition of the gelatine structure<\/li><li>Risk of leaks due to softer, more permeable and more unstable capsule walls<\/li><li>Cross-linking processes at extreme humidity impair solubility and release<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-055cadd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"055cadd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56c5969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56c5969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gelatine is highly hygroscopic and absorbs moisture from the environment at high humidity, which leads to a significant increase in the water content of the capsule. This results in a reduction in the glass transition temperature and makes the gelatine matrix more flexible, but at the same time much more chemically unstable. Excess moisture facilitates both hydrolysis and microbial decomposition of the gelatine and can initiate harmful cross-linking processes.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1b663 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e1b663\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Synergistic effects and optimal storage conditions:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73748e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73748e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Synergistic effect of temperature and humidity increases degradation exponentially<\/li><li>Optimal storage at 15-25\u00b0C and 30-60% relative humidity<\/li><li>Avoidance of tropical conditions to maintain product quality<\/li><li>Need for strict environmental monitoring in pharmaceutical logistics<\/li><li>Importance of controlled storage conditions for regulatory compliance<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c9abf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"25c9abf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5303afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5303afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The optimum storage conditions for pharmaceutical gelatine capsules are 15-25\u00b0C and a relative humidity of 30-60% in order to guarantee both chemical and mechanical stability over long periods of time. Deviations from these parameters, especially tropical conditions with high temperature and humidity, lead to a significant and often irreversible reduction in product quality. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce1bbe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce1bbe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practical application, industrial relevance and quality management<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9306fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9306fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>TGA offers the pharmaceutical industry a precise and scientifically sound way of answering critical practical questions: How much residual moisture remains after several months of storage under specific climate conditions? How stable is the capsule structure under real transportation and storage conditions during the entire supply chain? How can storage and manufacturing processes be optimized to ensure consistent quality? For research departments, laboratories and development teams in the pharmaceutical industry, the integration of TGA for moisture measurement and material characterization is now state-of-the-art and a critical component of comprehensive quality management (8).   <\/p><p>TGA data provides a scientifically robust basis for assessing the product safety of gelatine capsules over longer periods of time and enables the prediction of material behavior under different environmental conditions. If the moisture content of the capsule is reduced due to unfavorable storage conditions, care must be taken to ensure that the water content does not fall below critical values in order to avoid brittleness and fragility. If, on the other hand, the capsule remains too moist, the glass transition temperature will drop, plasticity will increase and the contents of the capsule may be released in an uncontrolled manner.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff222a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff222a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comprehensive practical recommendations for the industry:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce8efa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce8efa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Constant storage at 15-25\u00b0C and 35-65% relative humidity in controlled environments<\/li><li>Use of high-quality moisture and light-proof packaging materials such as aluminum composite films<\/li><li>Implementation of regular visual inspections for discoloration, deformation or mold growth<\/li><li>Carrying out random TGA analyses for continuous quality monitoring<\/li><li>Comprehensive validation of stability over the entire declared shelf life<\/li><li>Systematic protection from light exposure to prevent photochemical degradation<\/li><li>Integration into quality management systems and regulatory compliance programs<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-593c517 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"593c517\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\nStrategic industrial advantages and applications:\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3635763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3635763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Objective, scientifically comprehensible basis for comprehensive stability assessments<\/li><li>Data-driven optimization of storage, transport and manufacturing processes<\/li><li>Proactive compliance with regulatory requirements and international product specifications<\/li><li>Development and validation of improved packaging systems and protection concepts<\/li><li>Continuous quality assurance along the entire pharmaceutical supply chain<\/li><li>Risk minimization through preventive stability analysis and material characterization<\/li><li>Cost optimization by avoiding product losses and complaints<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea40358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ea40358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2fe5f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2fe5f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Another critical risk associated with changing moisture levels concerns the integrity of the capsule filling, especially if it is hygroscopic. A balanced moisture balance ensures the necessary flexibility and stability, which is also highly relevant from a regulatory perspective in order to ensure compliance with specifications throughout the entire product life cycle and to meet international quality standards. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1d8bbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e1d8bbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f2b7bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f2b7bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c2422d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c2422d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thermogravimetric analysis is proving to be an indispensable analytical tool for scientifically recording, quantifying and comprehensively documenting moisture losses and the resulting changes in the mechanical and thermal stability of gelatine capsules in the pharmaceutical industry. These detailed findings flow directly into the systematic optimization of storage and production conditions as well as the evidence-based development of safe and reliable pharmaceutical dosage forms. <\/p><p>TGA not only makes the complex moisture profile in pharmaceutical gelatine capsules precisely measurable and traceable within typical and critical storage times, but also provides an objective, scientifically sound and regulatory accepted basis for comprehensive stability assessments, targeted material optimization and reliable compliance in modern pharmaceutical manufacturing. For the pharmaceutical industry, the integration of TGA into quality management systems is a critical success factor for product safety, regulatory compliance and economic efficiency. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e2892c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8e2892c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efce10d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efce10d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>List of sources<\/strong><\/p><p>(1) Investigating the effect of novel capsule materials on the stability of soft capsules, AIP Advances, 2025.  <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/adv\/article\/15\/4\/045209\/3342879\/Investigating-the-effect-of-novel-capsule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/adv\/article\/15\/4\/045209\/3342879\/Investigating-the-effect-of-novel-capsule<\/a><\/p><p>(2) Comparative Evaluation of Gelatin and HPMC Inhalation Capsule Shells Exposed to High Humidity, PMC12299881, 2025.  <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12299881\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12299881\/<\/a><\/p><p>(3) Chang RK et al, A Study on Gelatin Capsule Brittleness: Moisture Transfer Between the Capsule Shell and its Content, J Pharm Sci, 1998.  <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9572904\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9572904\/<\/a><\/p><p>(4) Ensuring Quality and Shelf Life: Optimal Storage.  <a href=\"http:\/\/de.gdlcapsule.com\/info\/ensuring-quality-and-shelf-life-optimal-stora-17198404475266048.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/de.gdlcapsule.com\/info\/ensuring-quality-and-shelf-life-optimal-stora-17198404475266048.html<\/a><\/p><p>(5) What is the Shelf Life of Medicine Gelatin Capsules.  <a href=\"https:\/\/de.gaohuacapsule.com\/blog\/what-is-the-shelf-life-of-medicine-gelatin-capsules-134787.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/de.gaohuacapsule.com\/blog\/what-is-the-shelf-life-of-medicine-gelatin-capsules-134787.html<\/a><\/p><p>(6) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Analysis.  <a href=\"https:\/\/torontech.com\/de\/differential-scanning-calorimetry-dsc-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/torontech.com\/de\/differential-scanning-calorimetry-dsc-analysis\/<\/a><\/p><p>(8) Formulation with soft gelatine capsules.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saintyco.com\/de\/formulierung-mit-weichgelatinekapseln\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.saintyco.com\/de\/formulierung-mit-weichgelatinekapseln\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a key method in pharmaceutical and medical analysis for quantitatively monitoring the moisture behavior and stability of materials such as gelatine capsules under real storage conditions.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":94111,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94157\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}