{"id":56621,"date":"2024-09-11T09:45:09","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T07:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/unkategorisiert\/thermal-conductivity-of-porous-carbon-materials\/"},"modified":"2025-03-26T08:00:48","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T07:00:48","slug":"thermal-conductivity-of-porous-carbon-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/thermal-conductivity-of-porous-carbon-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal conductivity of porous carbon materials"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"56621\" class=\"elementor elementor-56621 elementor-49771\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6196df e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e6196df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0926b39 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"0926b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__0926b39\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__0926b39\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__0926b39\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b92f9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b92f9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Progress and prospects for energy-efficient applications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a306593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a306593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Importance of energy efficiency and the role of porous carbon materials<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f4a6f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f4a6f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The increasing global focus on sustainability and energy efficiency has a strong influence on developments in materials science, particularly in the field of thermal insulation.<\/p>\n<p>In industrial and commercial applications, efficient thermal insulation is becoming increasingly critical in order to minimize energy losses, reduce operating costs and comply with environmental regulations.<\/p>\n<p>This demand has led to intensive research and development of materials with outstanding insulation properties.<\/p>\n<p>Porous carbon materials, in particular carbon aerogels, are the focus of current research. These materials are characterized by extremely low <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/properties\/thermal-conductivity\/\"><b>thermal conductivity<\/b><\/a> which is mainly due to their porous structure and low bulk density. <\/p>\n<p>The unique microstructure of these aerogels &#8211; consisting of a network of carbon nanoparticles made up of over 90% air &#8211; is the key to their outstanding insulation performance.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-195c337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"195c337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scientific principles of the thermal insulation properties of porous carbon materials<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01646bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01646bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Porous structure:<\/strong> Carbon aerogels have a structure that is rich in tiny pores.<br \/>\nThese pores act as thermal barriers and effectively interrupt the flow of heat through the material.<br \/>\nThe high porosity extends the heat flow paths and significantly reduces heat transfer.<br \/>\nModern measurement techniques such as mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption are used to accurately determine the pore size and distribution, which is crucial for optimizing the insulation properties.   <\/li>\n<li><strong>Low bulk density:<\/strong> The low density of carbon aerogels is another decisive factor for their low thermal conductivity.<br \/>\nA lower density here means less solid matter for heat transport and more air-filled spaces that conduct heat poorly.<br \/>\nThis makes aerogels excellent insulators that can be used in many industrial applications where traditional materials are too heavy or too inefficient.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f74dc3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f74dc3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Potential applications and benefits in industrial and commercial sectors<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2691aad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2691aad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/building-materials\/\"><b>Construction<\/b><\/a> and architecture:<\/strong> In the construction industry, carbon aerogels can be used to improve the thermal insulation of buildings, leading to significant energy savings and improved comfort.<\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/automotive-aviation-aerospace\/\"><b>Aerospace<\/b><\/a>:<\/strong> In the aerospace industry, these lightweight materials can be used to insulate against extreme external temperatures without adding weight.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/power-generation-energy\/\"><b>Energy storage systems: <\/b><\/a>Carbon aerogels can also be used in energy storage systems to ensure thermal stability and minimize energy losses<strong>.<\/strong><br \/>In addition, carbon aerogels are promising candidates for battery applications, especially in supercapacitors, due to their high surface activity and conductivity.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The further development of porous carbon materials could have a significant impact on energy efficiency in a wide range of industries.<br \/>Research in this area therefore remains critical to discover new synthesis routes, improvements in material properties and innovative applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c68e92 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c68e92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dd9fd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9dd9fd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fundamentals of thermal conductivity in porous carbon materials<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-658ca41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"658ca41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"637\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Waermeleitfaehigkeit-Darstellung-1-1-1024x815.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-56607\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Waermeleitfaehigkeit-Darstellung-1-1-1024x815.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Waermeleitfaehigkeit-Darstellung-1-1-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Waermeleitfaehigkeit-Darstellung-1-1-768x611.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Waermeleitfaehigkeit-Darstellung-1-1-1536x1222.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Waermeleitfaehigkeit-Darstellung-1-1-2048x1629.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae80d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ae80d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thermal conductivity is a key physical property that describes how efficiently heat is transported through a material.<br \/>\nIn porous carbon materials, this property is influenced by a combination of structural and material factors resulting from the specific characteristics of the carbon and its microstructure: <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-189c7df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"189c7df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Intrinsic thermal conductivity of the solid:<\/strong> Carbon, in its various forms, exhibits high thermal conductivity, which is particularly pronounced in graphite and other graphite-like structures.<br \/>\nIn porous structures, such as aerogels, this property is greatly reduced due to the high pore rate and the resulting interruption of the heat conduction paths. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Porosity and bulk density:<\/strong> Porous materials such as carbon aerogels have a high porosity, often over 90%, which results in a very low bulk density.<br \/>\nThe many air-filled pores interrupt the path that heat can take through the material, resulting in a significant reduction in effective thermal conductivity.<br \/>\nThese pores act as thermal insulators, as the air in the pores has a significantly lower thermal conductivity than the solid carbon.  <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thermal conductivity of the gas phase in the pores:<\/strong> In most porous carbon materials, the thermal conductivity of the air in the pores is a decisive factor.<br \/>\nAir has a very low thermal conductivity, which is around 0.024 W\/m\u2219K, compared to pure graphite at room temperature, which has a thermal conductivity of around 120 to 150 W\/m\u2219K This means that the presence of air in the pores significantly reduces the overall thermal conductivity of the material. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Moisture content:<\/strong> Water has a higher thermal conductivity than air (about 0.6 W\/m\u2219K), and its presence in the pores can therefore increase the thermal conductivity of the material.\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temperature:<\/strong> The thermal conductivity is largely dependent on the temperature.<br \/>\nGraphite typically shows increasing values up to room temperature and then decreasing tendencies.<br \/>\nThe porous structure can influence this behavior.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9a9d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d9a9d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In summary, the thermal conductivity in porous carbon materials is determined by a combination of the material properties of the carbon and the geometric and physical properties of the pore structure.<br \/>\nThe control of these factors is crucial for the development and application of these materials in areas ranging from insulation to heat dissipation. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc8fb14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc8fb14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fundamentals of thermal conductivity in porous carbon materials<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c88aad1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c88aad1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Adjusting the thermal conductivity of porous carbon materials is of key importance for many applications, especially when a balance between insulation efficiency and thermal management capability is required.<br \/>\nThe following approaches are central to optimizing the thermal properties of these materials: <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d17da08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d17da08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Changing the intrinsic thermal conductivity through material modifications:<br \/><\/strong>The intrinsic thermal conductivity of carbon as a base material can be increased through modifications such as graphitization or doping with other elements, which modifies the electron structure and thus the phononic and electronic thermal conductivity of the material.<br \/>\nThis offers a targeted adjustment of the thermal properties depending on the desired application. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adjusting the porosity by changing the manufacturing processes: <\/strong><br \/>By applying pressure during the production of aerogels, for example, the pore volume can be reduced and thus the bulk density increased, resulting in improved thermal conductivity.<br \/>\nIncreasing the size of the pores will in turn lead to lower thermal conductivity. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Optimization of the gas phase in the pores: <\/strong><br \/>By filling the pores with gases with a higher thermal conductivity than air, such as helium, the thermal conductivity of the gas phase and therefore the overall thermal conductivity can be increased.<br \/>\nIn order to further reduce the thermal conductivity compared to the performance in air, argon, for example, can be used as a pore atmosphere, as argon has a lower thermal conductivity than air.<br \/>\nAnother method is to evacuate the pores to completely eliminate the contribution of the gas phase to heat conduction.<br \/>\nThis can be useful in applications where extremely low thermal conductivities are required.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2386db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2386db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These optimization approaches require careful consideration of the material characteristics and the desired thermal performance.<br \/>\nThe application of these techniques enables the development of carbon materials that are tailored to specific industrial requirements, from highly efficient thermal insulation to targeted thermal management. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31fbe03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31fbe03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Measurement techniques for determining thermal conductivity<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41de1f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41de1f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Depending on the application, temperature range and pore size, different techniques can be used to determine the thermal conductivity.<br \/>\nLinseis offers a clearly structured portfolio that is suitable for the characterization of porous carbon materials. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aee06d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aee06d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/thb-basic-advance-ultimate\/\"><b>Transient Hot Bridge (THB)<\/b><\/a>:<\/strong> The thermal conductivity can be determined quickly and easily in the temperature range from -150 \u00b0C to +700 \u00b0C with the available sensors using the method based on the hot-wire method.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/lfa-laser-flash-analyzer\/\"><b>Laser Flash Analyzer (LFA)<\/b><\/a>:<\/strong> The universal measuring method of the LFA enables the characterization of porous carbon materials up to extreme temperatures of up to +2800 \u00b0C.<br \/>\nIt is also possible to vary the ambient conditions and thus investigate the temperature\/thermal conductivity as a function of the gas in the pores. <\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"text-align: var(--text-align); color: var( --e-global-color-primary );\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/hfm\/\"><b>Heat Flow Meter (HFM)<\/b><\/a>:<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: var(--text-align); color: var( --e-global-color-primary );\"> For analysis in the lower temperature range of insulation materials, the HFM plate method can also be used, which enables very precise determination of the thermal conductivity up to a maximum of +90 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d38813 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d38813\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effects of porosity on the electrochemical properties<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9574563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9574563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The porosity of carbon materials is not only a key factor for their thermal properties, but also for their function in electrochemical applications.<br \/>\nThe large surface area and high porosity enable improved interaction between the active materials and the electrolytes in batteries and supercapacitors: <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a05982f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a05982f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Improving ion diffusion:<\/strong> In supercapacitors and batteries, high porosity facilitates the diffusion of ions through the electrode material.<br \/>\nThis leads to faster charging and discharging cycles and can improve the power density of the devices. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Increased capacity and energy efficiency:<\/strong> The increased specific surface area provided by high porosity enables a higher activation number of electrolyte ions, which directly improves electrochemical capacity and energy efficiency.\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Optimization of the pore structure:<\/strong> The targeted control of pore size and distribution can further optimize electrochemical performance.<br \/>\nFinely tuned micropores increase surface reactions, while mesopores support mass transport properties, which is particularly important in capacitive desalination and energy storage applications. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1511b92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1511b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In-depth research and optimization of the pore structure will make it possible to further increase the performance of these innovative materials.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff3d7c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff3d7c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Measuring techniques for determining porosity<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d724ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d724ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The precise characterization of the porosity of porous carbon materials is crucial in order to fully understand and optimize their thermal and electrochemical properties.<br \/>\nPorosity directly influences the heat and mass transfer processes within the material.<br \/>\nVarious measurement techniques provide detailed insights into the pore structure:  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3fb05c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3fb05c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Nitrogen adsorption (BET method):<\/strong> This technique measures the amount of nitrogen adsorbed on the surface of the material at low temperatures.<br \/>\nThe resulting isotherms make it possible to calculate the specific surface area and provide information on the total pore volume and pore size distribution.<br \/>\nFor carbon aerogels in particular, the BET method can capture the extremely high surface areas that are responsible for their low thermal conductivity and excellent electrochemical activity.  <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Electron microscopy:<\/strong> Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are essential for the direct visualization of micro- and nanostructured pores.<br \/>\nThese methods make it possible to observe the morphology and homogeneity of the pore distribution on a very small scale. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mercury porosimetry:<\/strong> By injecting mercury under varying pressure into the pore network of the material, information about the accessible pore volume and pore size distribution can be obtained.<br \/>\nThis method is particularly useful for materials with larger pores and provides insights that other techniques may not capture. <br \/><strong style=\"text-align: var(--text-align); color: var( --e-global-color-primary );\"><br \/><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"text-align: var(--text-align); color: var( --e-global-color-primary );\">Pycnometry:  <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: var(--text-align); color: var( --e-global-color-primary );\">This method determines the true density of the solid material and compares it with the apparent density of the porous network.<br \/>\nFrom this, the porosity can be calculated.<br \/>\nPycnometry is crucial for determining the bulk density of carbon aerogels and other porous structures, which significantly influences the thermal conductivity.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eee9a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7eee9a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusions and outlook<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bed1dbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bed1dbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Porous carbon materials such as carbon aerogels represent an outstanding advance in materials science, particularly due to their excellent thermal and electrochemical properties.<br \/>\nThese materials not only offer potential for improved energy efficiency in a variety of applications, but also for the development of new technologies that are characterized by environmental protection and sustainability. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b89026e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b89026e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Expanding the areas of application:<\/b> In addition to their use in thermal insulation and electrochemical applications such as batteries and supercapacitors, porous carbon materials could also find new areas of use in medical technology, water purification and sensor technology.\nTheir porous structure could, for example, be used to develop highly sensitive biosensors or efficient filter systems to remove pollutants or pathogens from water and air. <\/p>\n<p><b>Further development of material synthesis: <\/b>The synthesis of porous carbon materials is a crucial field of research that is constantly being developed.\nNew synthesis processes that are more cost-efficient and use more environmentally friendly starting materials could significantly increase the spread and application of these materials.\nInnovative approaches such as the use of biomass as a carbon source or the development of environmentally friendly solvents and catalysts to control pore formation could reduce production costs and minimize environmental impact.  <\/p>\n<p><b>Characterization and tailor-made material designs:<\/b> The continuous improvement of analytical techniques will make it possible to determine and optimize the properties of porous carbon materials even more precisely.\nAdvances in microscopy and spectroscopy can help to understand the pore structure and chemical composition at the molecular level.\nThis knowledge can be used to develop materials with tailored pore sizes, specific surface areas and specifically adjusted thermal conductivities in order to optimize them for specific industrial applications.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-666536c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"666536c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Porous carbon materials represent a promising solution for increasing energy efficiency in numerous application areas.<br \/>\nOngoing research and development in this area is expected to further improve the properties of these materials, which could make them a key to future energy-saving measures. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Porous carbon materials, in particular carbon aerogels, are the focus of current research. These materials are characterized by an extremely low thermal conductivity, which is mainly due to their porous structure and low bulk density.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":49777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56621\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}