{"id":21750,"date":"2024-07-16T08:32:33","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T06:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/thermal-interface-materials-heat-spreaders\/"},"modified":"2024-09-17T15:48:51","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T13:48:51","slug":"thermal-interface-materials-heat-spreaders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/thermal-interface-materials-heat-spreaders\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal Interface Materials \u2013 Heat Spreaders"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21750\" class=\"elementor elementor-21750 elementor-7041\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eb8745 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9eb8745\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f49789 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1f49789\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1f49789\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1f49789\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1f49789\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2cd186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2cd186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction and Basics of Heat Spreaders<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffaef65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffaef65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHeat spreaders are thermally conductive objects that act as a bridge between a heat source and a heat exchanger.\r\n\r\nTheir purpose is to transfer heat from a hotter source to a colder heat sink or heat exchanger, in either passive or active modes.\r\n\r\nCopper, aluminium, and diamond are popular materials for heat spreaders because they have high thermal conductivity. Composite materials like metal matrix composites (MMCs) are commonly used to make chips and match their thermal expansion coefficient with ceramics and semiconductors.\r\n\r\nThey can be passive or active. Active heat spreaders use external energy to speed up heat transfer, while passive heat spreaders disperse heat to increase the assembly\u2019s heat capacity.\r\n\r\nHeat spreaders come into play when heat sources have a high heat flux density and the heat exchanger cannot effectively cool them, for instance in air-cooled systems.\r\n\r\nSeveral electronic devices, such as CPUs, GPUs, and LED lighting systems, rely heavily on their ability to prevent device malfunctions, improve energy efficiency, and assure system reliability.\r\n\r\nMaterial composition, design, and intended application affect the temperature range of heat spreaders. The thermal resistance for Ceramic heat spreaders, such as Spreadfast\u00ae, made from alumina (Al2O3) can fluctuate between 4.3 and 58.3\u00b0C\/W. Standard T-WING heat spreaders have an ambient temperature range of 21\u00b0C to 24\u00b0C.\r\n\r\nSSD heat spreaders are crucial in controlling temperatures, as they typically throttle above 70\u00b0C and reach a maximum of 85\u00b0C. In general, heat spreaders temperature range is influenced by the system requirements, which include material properties and cooling needs.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccfed45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ccfed45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification and Applications of Heat Spreaders<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5175b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d5175b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heat spreaders can be classified as:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ddd731 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ddd731\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol>\n<li>Metallic Heat Spreaders<\/li>\n<li>Phase-Change Devices<\/li>\n<li>Thermal Transfer Compunds<\/li>\n<li>Heat Pipes<\/li>\n<li>Fans<\/li>\n<li>Enclosure<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a04fb3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7a04fb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Schematic-arrangement-of-Head-spreader-in-electronics_Zeichenflaeche-1-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7046\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Schematic-arrangement-of-Head-spreader-in-electronics_Zeichenflaeche-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Schematic-arrangement-of-Head-spreader-in-electronics_Zeichenflaeche-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Schematic-arrangement-of-Head-spreader-in-electronics_Zeichenflaeche-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Schematic-arrangement-of-Head-spreader-in-electronics_Zeichenflaeche-1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Schematic-arrangement-of-Head-spreader-in-electronics_Zeichenflaeche-1-2048x1151.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig.1: Showing schematic arrangement of Heat spreader in electronics.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3a894e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3a894e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>They are utilized in a variety of applications, including computer processors, mobile devices, and automotive electronics.<\/p>\n<p>High thermal conductivity, low thermal resistance, large surface area, heat sink design, and thermal interface materials (TIM) are some of the properties of heat spreaders as shown in fig.1.<\/p>\n<p>Heat spreaders have the ability to prevent component damage, improve performance, and dissipate heat away from electronic components. Electronic devices in various applications can benefit from the use of heat spreaders to manage thermal issues and enhance their performance and longevity.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e80e083 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e80e083\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heat spreaders are commonly used for:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3112811 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3112811\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Air-cooling circuits with integrated components, such as microprocessors.<\/li>\n<li>Cooling photovoltaic cells in concentrated photovoltaic systems<\/li>\n<li>Submounts for high-power integrated circuits and laser diodes<\/li>\n<li>Aerospace and satellite equipment, such as high-power radio-frequency devices<\/li>\n<li>LED lighting systems<\/li>\n<li>High-performance CPUs and GPUs in computers and servers<\/li>\n<li>High-power laser diodes and laser optics<\/li>\n<li>Power electronic components<\/li>\n<li>Electric vehicles need to manage battery system temperature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bb7ea8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0bb7ea8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4769c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4769c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These applications demonstrate the versatility and importance of heat spreaders in various industries where effective heat dissipation is essential for optimum device performance and reliability.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cb220f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6cb220f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Measurement Methods and Equipment for Heat Spreaders<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b58495 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b58495\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The methods of thermal measurement for TIM\u2019s can be generally divided into steadystate and nonsteady-state (transient) methods.<\/p>\n<p>Thermal conductivity measurement can be done using the laser flash method and the hot-wire method are nonsteady-state measurement time-domain thermoreflectance method (TDTR) advanced TIM\u2019s are steady-state measurements.<\/p>\n<p>SteadyState and transient methods or pulsed laser heaters, which are advanced techniques used to determine the thermal conductivity of materials, including heat spreaders in ceramics.<\/p>\n<p>These methods have a complete explanation of their functioning.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af025f3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"af025f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Depicts-working-of-Laser-Flash-Analyzer_Zeichenflaeche-1-1024x929.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7056\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Depicts-working-of-Laser-Flash-Analyzer_Zeichenflaeche-1-1024x929.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Depicts-working-of-Laser-Flash-Analyzer_Zeichenflaeche-1-300x272.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Depicts-working-of-Laser-Flash-Analyzer_Zeichenflaeche-1-768x697.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Depicts-working-of-Laser-Flash-Analyzer_Zeichenflaeche-1-1536x1394.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Depicts-working-of-Laser-Flash-Analyzer_Zeichenflaeche-1-2048x1859.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2: Depicts working of Laser Flash Analyzer.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3129b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3129b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/lfa-laser-flash-analyzer\/\"><strong>LFA (Light\/Laser Flash Analyzer)<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thin-film-thin-film-analysis\/tfa\/\"><strong>TFA (Thin Film Analyzer)<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thin-film-thin-film-analysis\/tf-lfa\/\"><strong>TF-LFA (Thin Film Laser Flash Analyzer)<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/plh\/\"><strong>Periodic Laser Heating<\/strong><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/tim-tester\/\"><strong>TIM-Tester<\/strong><\/a> are all measuring tools used for characterizing the thermal properties of materials, including heat spreaders.<\/p><p>These instruments are designed to measure the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of various materials, which are crucial for understanding heat transfer and thermal management in electronic devices and other applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1851a82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1851a82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. LFA (Light\/Laser Flash Analyzer):<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6402c76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6402c76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The LFA (cross-plane) method is based on the principle of heating one side of a plane-parallel sample with a short pulse of energy (laser or light) and measuring the temperature increase on the opposite side using an infrared detector as represented in fig.2.<\/p>\n<p>The thermal diffusivity is calculated from the time-dependent temperature rise, and the thermal conductivity is determined using the formula involving thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and mass density. To calculate the thermal conductivity of the sample, the thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity (Cp), and mass density (\u03c1) are used.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05c2de9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05c2de9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The formula for thermal conductivity is:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cea3d0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7cea3d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"298\" height=\"131\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Heat-Spreader-Formel.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-7071\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-782d4c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"782d4c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>where \u03bb is the thermal conductivity, \u03b1 is the thermal diffusivity, \u03c1 is the mass density, and Cp is the specific heat capacity.<\/p>\n<p>LFA can be used for a wide range of materials, and it is based on national and international standards such as ASTM E1461, DIN EN 821, DIN 30905, ISO 8301, BS EN 1159-2, ASTM C714, ASTM C518, and more.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73185f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"73185f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. TFA (Thin Film Analyzer):<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a0997d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a0997d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This device is designed for measuring the thermal and electrical properties of thin films. It can simultaneously measure a thin film\u2019s thermal conductivity and in-plane electrical conductivity, as well as the Seebeck coefficient and Hall constant of a thin film sample.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e260f11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e260f11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. TF-LFA (Thin Film Laser Flash Analyzer):<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df0110e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df0110e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is an advanced version of the standard LaserFlash, which uses a pump-probe setup (TDTR \u2013 Time-domain thermoreflectance) to characterize nm to \u00b5m thin films and coatings. TF-LFA allows the characterization of high conductive bulk materials as well.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6289f0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6289f0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PLH (Periodic Laser Heating):<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35b45ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35b45ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Periodic Laser Heating uses high-energy, short-duration laser pulses to heat materials rapidly(in-plane) and selectively.<\/p>\n<p>The process involves directing a laser pulse towards the sample\u2019s surface and producing a high-energy density at the point of impact.<\/p>\n<p>This energy is absorbed by the material, causing rapid heating of the surface layer above its recrystallization temperature for a specific duration before cooling.<\/p>\n<p>The material\u2019s physical and chemical properties are altered by the rapid and intense heating caused by the pulsed laser. During this process, atom migration occurs in the crystal lattice, reducing the number of dislocations and impacting the hardness and ductility of the material.<\/p>\n<p>The material re-crystallizes through rapid water quenching or slow air cooling, and the heating and cooling rates affect the crystal phase composition and grain size, ultimately determining the material\u2019s properties.<\/p>\n<p>PLH are utilized in various applications, including heat spreader applications. These systems involve pulsed laser heating to achieve specific material modifications and surface treatments.<\/p>\n<p>The use of pulsed lasers allows for precise control over the heating process, enabling applications like selective recrystallization of semiconductors, welding of metals, case hardening in tool steels, and phase changes in optical data storage media.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, PLH plays a crucial role in various industrial and research by offering precise and controlled heating for a wide range of applications, including heat spreader applications. Additionally, the ability to perform time-resolved studies and couple with different spectroscopic techniques allows for a better understanding of the material\u2019s behavior under high-temperature conditions, which can be useful in optimizing the performance of heat spreaders in various applications.<\/p>\n<p>These techniques collectively enable precise control over the temperature distribution during pulsed laser heating for heat spreader applications, ensuring efficient and controlled heating processes while maintaining the integrity of the materials being processed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a41df4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a41df4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impact of Filler Materials on Thermal Conductivity of Heat Spreaders<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e51211d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e51211d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The thermal resistance of a heat spreader can be greatly influenced by the filler material used.<\/p>\n<p>The thermal conductivity of a heat spreader can be improved by adding filler materials to its base material, which is crucial in determining its effectiveness in dissipating heat.<\/p>\n<p>The heat spreader\u2019s thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties are influenced by the filler material selection<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da1f6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5da1f6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f65931b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f65931b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Diamond is one of the most effective fillers for increasing thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity of 2000 W\/m\u2022K. The thermal conductivity of the heat spreaders can be significantly improved by its highly conductive properties.<\/li>\n<li>Boron nitride (BN)\u2019s plate-like morphology makes it easy for particle-particle interactions and increases thermal conductivity. A composite with boron nitride can increase the thermal conductivity almost five times compared to a diamond-filled composite at a 15-volume percent loading,<\/li>\n<li>Alumina can increase thermal conductivity slightly, with an increase of 30 W\/m\u2022K. While less efficient than diamond or boron nitride, it can still improve the thermal conductivity of heat spreaders.<\/li>\n<li>Silica is commonly employed to decrease the coefficient of thermal expansion rather than improve thermal conductivity due to its poor effectiveness in increasing thermal conductivity.<\/li>\n<li>Silicone fillers are frequently utilized in thermal interface materials (TIM) to enhance heat spreading and transfer across the TIM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b2ddbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9b2ddbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs): Types and Applications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bd7a9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bd7a9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\u00a0<strong>Thermal Interface Material Tester<\/strong>, or TIM-Tester is a device that measures the thermal impedance of sample materials and determines their apparent thermal conductivity (in-plane &amp; cross-plane).<\/p>\n<p>Thermal Interface materials with a thermal conductivity of only 0.0263 W\/MK, air is the worst heat conductor ever. Air inclusions between components should therefore be avoided in order to prevent heat accumulation.<\/p>\n<p>Here TIM\u2019s help to close gaps caused by unevenness, tolerances or roughness and ensure that no air gaps occur. The thermal intermediate materials are available in various designs, e.g. as:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e2940f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8e2940f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e391d26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e391d26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Heat conducting pastes,<\/li>\n<li>Heat conductive adhesive,<\/li>\n<li>Graphite and aluminium foils,<\/li>\n<li>Foam and GEL films,<\/li>\n<li>One-sided and double-sided adhesive heat conducting foils,<\/li>\n<li>Phase Change Materials (PCM\u2019s),<\/li>\n<li>Silicone-containing and silicone-free elastomers,<\/li>\n<li>Kapton and mica discs,<\/li>\n<li>Aluminium oxide materials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00cbbd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"00cbbd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-345e178 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"345e178\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column\">\n<div class=\"spb_wrapper clearfix\">\n<p>In many cases it is not easy to find the right intermediate material. However, a sufficiently well-designed thermal management system is indispensable for optimum function and a long service life of electronic components.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\"><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dbd570 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4dbd570\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1382d7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1382d7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-334fd52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"334fd52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9322a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9322a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Gap Filler<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39654c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"39654c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Gap-Filler-bzw-Vergussmasse-1170x780-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15882\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Gap-Filler-bzw-Vergussmasse-1170x780-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Gap-Filler-bzw-Vergussmasse-1170x780-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Gap-Filler-bzw-Vergussmasse-1170x780-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Gap-Filler-bzw-Vergussmasse-1170x780-1.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccee4ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ccee4ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8e2b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8e2b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Paste<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a7f0c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1a7f0c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Paste-2-1024x683-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15905\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Paste-2-1024x683-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Paste-2-1024x683-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Paste-2-1024x683-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84a9335 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84a9335\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5fd8f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a5fd8f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d684c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6d684c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pads-1024x683-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15919\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pads-1024x683-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pads-1024x683-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pads-1024x683-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cde0c80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cde0c80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pads<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24753b0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24753b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc9290a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bc9290a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pads-als-Stapel-bzw-Stack-1024x683-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15926\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pads-als-Stapel-bzw-Stack-1024x683-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pads-als-Stapel-bzw-Stack-1024x683-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pads-als-Stapel-bzw-Stack-1024x683-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cadeb2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cadeb2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pads as\u00a0 Stack<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-060ad31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"060ad31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-774d6a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"774d6a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a2f0d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a2f0d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The TIM-Tester is capable of handling a variety of sample sizes and shapes, including solids, pastes, pads, and more. Operates in accordance with ASTM D5470, a standard that measures thermal resistance and conductivity of thermally conductive materials.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03affc4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"03affc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"744\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Displaying-the-cross-sectional-view-of-TIM-Tester_Zeichenflaeche-1-744x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7105\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Displaying-the-cross-sectional-view-of-TIM-Tester_Zeichenflaeche-1-744x1024.png 744w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Displaying-the-cross-sectional-view-of-TIM-Tester_Zeichenflaeche-1-218x300.png 218w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Displaying-the-cross-sectional-view-of-TIM-Tester_Zeichenflaeche-1-768x1057.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Displaying-the-cross-sectional-view-of-TIM-Tester_Zeichenflaeche-1-1116x1536.png 1116w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Displaying-the-cross-sectional-view-of-TIM-Tester_Zeichenflaeche-1-1488x2048.png 1488w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2: Functional principle of a laser flash analyzer<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14ad4cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"14ad4cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Which TIM\u2019s are best suited for which application?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb3310 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fb3310\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Not every material is suitable as a universal material for all applications in electronics. In order to find the perfect TIM, developers in the field of materials research must consider a wide variety of material properties such as thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, thermal impedance, mechanical tolerances of the contact pairing, temperature range, environmental compatibility and many others.<\/p>\n<p>Which material is most suitable depends on the application. The three main types of TIM\u2019s are thermal conductive films, thermal conductive pastes and thermal conductive adhesives. These differ, among other things, in their use, layer thickness, electrical insulation and thermal conductivity.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64c9e7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64c9e7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heat conducting phases<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5afece elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5afece\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Heat conducting pastes are often used to generate heat transfer layers, for example between a heat sink and an electronic component. These are usually applied in very small layer thicknesses of maximum approx. 50 \u00b5m. Larger component distances cannot thus be bridged. In practice, excessive amounts of paste are often used. However, too sparing application is often more critical as it may not compensate for all air inclusions.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f65fa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f65fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phase Change Materials<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52bf700 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52bf700\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Phase change materials are a further development of conventional thermal pastes. As plate material these TIM\u2019s have a continuous layer thickness, which allows a clean direct mounting on the heat sink. In addition, PCMs are characterized by their phase change temperature.<\/p>\n<p>At a temperature of 45 to 55 \u00b0C, the consistency of these materials changes from solid to soft. As a result, they flow into all spaces between the components to which they are applied. If the temperature falls below the phase change temperature again, the respective medium returns to its initial state without the connection to the contact points breaking off.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cc1fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cc1fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Surface finish and selection of a TIM<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c5df9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c5df9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In order to be able to use thermal pastes or adhesives, the surfaces should be almost ideal in terms of tolerance. If this cannot be guaranteed or if the handling of these materials is too complicated, films are usually used.<\/p>\n<p>This allows air gaps of up to 5 millimeters to be compensated. However, the thermal resistance of these TIM\u2019s is higher due to their greater strength.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ecef2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51ecef2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fields of application of thermal interface materials<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ac22ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ac22ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The multitude of thermal interface materials produced in a wide variety of processes illustrates a change in best design practice. This change also benefits the often-desired miniaturization of components.<\/p>\n<p>A higher component density reduces the air volume available for cooling and at the same time prevents the remaining air from circulating. Therefore, in systems where cooling ventilators were originally used for forced air cooling, a fanless design is usually preferred today.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42d9bc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42d9bc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TIM\u2019s in everyday life<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-156e8db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"156e8db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>TIM\u2019s are now used in a wide variety of applications, for example in automotive electronics, in the computer, memory and gaming sector, in optoelectronics and in the aerospace industry. In addition, they enable excellent heat management in electronics packaging, household appliances, lighting technology, medical technology and industrial automation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f9ca83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f9ca83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Optimization and Industrial Applications of Heat Spreaders<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc38b0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc38b0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Heat spreaders, which are materials that distribute heat evenly across a surface, can be measured with the TIM Tester. The TIM Tester works by applying a pressure to a sample placed between a hot and a cold meter bar.<\/p>\n<p>Temperature sensors are used to measure the heat flux through the sample, and the thermal impedance can be determined by calculating the temperature drop caused by the sample material based on its geometry. The thickness of the sample can be entered manually or measured using an integrated LVDT.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-003bf4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"003bf4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> High-precision measurements are the basis for optimized heat management<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f3c301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f3c301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Due to the countless possible fields of application and the immense variety of materials, Thermal Interface Materials pose great challenges for materials research. Thermal management in the field of electronics is extremely complex and requires precise knowledge of the material properties of the applied TIMs.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to measuring heat spreaders, the TIM Tester can also be utilized to test other thermal interface materials, such as thermal fluids, thermal pastes (greases), phase change materials (PCM), solders, or sturdy thermal conductors. In summary, the TIM Tester is a versatile and essential tool for measuring the thermal properties of heat spreaders and other thermal interface materials used in electronic devices that require heat spreading \/shielding.<\/p>\n<p>The optimization of heat spreader designs in electronics, aerospace, and other industries where efficient thermal management is essential is made possible by these methods in research and development. Thermal conductivity can be measured accurately by manufacturers to enhance heat dissipation capabilities, enhance product performance, and ensure reliability in various applications.<\/p>\n<p>With this knowledge it is possible to perfect the cooperation of components and interface materials and to develop an optimal thermal management for complex electronic applications.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4775e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d4775e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heat spreaders are thermally conductive objects that act as a bridge between a heat source and a heat exchanger.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":64644,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21750"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21750\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}