{"id":111098,"date":"2025-11-20T11:55:20","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T10:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/unkategorisiert\/thermomechanical-analysis-of-metals-reliable-material-characterization-for-steel-and-alloys\/"},"modified":"2025-12-19T07:26:05","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T06:26:05","slug":"thermomechanical-analysis-of-metals-reliable-material-characterization-for-steel-and-alloys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/thermomechanical-analysis-of-metals-reliable-material-characterization-for-steel-and-alloys\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermomechanical analysis of metals &#8211; Reliable material characterization for steel and alloys"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"111098\" class=\"elementor elementor-111098 elementor-111060\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ffaf4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8ffaf4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1933122 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1933122\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fbad62 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"8fbad62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__8fbad62\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__8fbad62\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__8fbad62\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a525e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"60a525e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6557b4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6557b4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why thermomechanical analysis in the metal industry?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-070b40c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"070b40c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00312dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00312dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/metals-alloys-industry\/\"><strong>steel and metal industry<\/strong><\/a> companies are faced with constantly increasing demands: Components must withstand high thermal loads, process windows must be precisely adhered to and targeted structural changes are often the key to improved material properties. Whether it is the evaluation of welding structures, the development of innovative alloys or the validation of individual batches &#8211; the reliable characterization of metallic materials forms the foundation for sustainable quality assurance and targeted material development. <\/p><p>Steel and other metals undergo demanding manufacturing and processing procedures in which the individual thermal and mechanical behavior is decisive in determining how efficiently heat treatments, welding processes, casting processes or rolling processes can be designed. Precise knowledge of these properties makes it possible to optimize production processes and avoid costly rejects. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0be888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0be888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What does thermomechanical analysis (TMA) do?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550d1e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"550d1e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thermomechanical analysis is an established method of materials testing that measures the dimensional changes of a specimen as a function of temperature and applied force. Key parameters such as the linear <g id=\"gid_0\"><g id=\"gid_1\">coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)<\/g><\/g>, relaxation behavior and creep phenomena can be determined. The measuring principle is based on the fact that a sample rod or a test specimen disk is subjected to a defined thermal and mechanical load in a measuring system, while the resulting deformation is recorded with high precision.  <\/p><p>Typical measured variables include the change in length, the CTE, the deformation during relaxation, creep and recovery tests as well as the detection of transformation points, for example the martensite start in steel. Modern <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-analysis\/tma-thermomechanical-analysis\/\"><strong>TMA systems<\/strong><\/a> such as those from Linseis guarantee an exact force resolution in the \u00b5N range. The ability to select different tip geometries and test modes significantly increases application flexibility. For sensitive material systems, measurements can also be carried out in a controlled inert gas atmosphere to avoid oxidation or undesirable reactions.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e5e34d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5e5e34d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-596bcb8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"596bcb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"487\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0430-487x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111065\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0430-487x1024.png 487w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0430-143x300.png 143w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0430-768x1616.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0430-730x1536.png 730w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0430-973x2048.png 973w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0430-scaled.png 1217w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10afb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c10afb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db9db7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db9db7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why TMA is the right choice for steel and metals<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1f7dd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d1f7dd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d96387c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d96387c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The strengths of TMA compared to other characterization methods lie in particular in its high sensitivity and the ability to observe thermal and mechanical effects both separately and simultaneously. The precise measurement of thermal expansion is essential for the development of new alloys and the assessment of components such as weld seams. TMA is also ideal for detecting and quantifying phase transitions such as martensitic transformation. Long-term deformation and time-dependent relaxation processes can also be reliably measured using this method.   <\/p><p>A recent study describes the high relevance of TMA measurements for the characterization of steels with regard to their phase transitions and expansion behavior (Bhattacharya et al., 2023). For high-performance materials in particular, they emphasize that TMA is one of the few methods that can simultaneously and comparably record the interaction between temperature, mechanical load and volume change. Another paper shows that the combination of TMA with targeted atmospheric control is also advantageous for the batch-related quality assurance of alloys (Lee et al., 2022). The authors emphasize the importance for process control in foundries and the prevention of faulty batches through early detection of inhomogeneities.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1f64f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c1f64f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-609cd82 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"609cd82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"575\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0438-575x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111076\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0438-575x1024.jpg 575w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0438-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0438-768x1367.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0438-863x1536.jpg 863w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0438-1150x2048.jpg 1150w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG_0438-scaled.jpg 1438w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77aa0b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"77aa0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36d5ca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36d5ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is important for meaningful measurements<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39b5ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"39b5ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59b342a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59b342a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Several factors are crucial for reproducible and reliable results. Sample preparation plays a central role: clean surfaces and defined geometries minimize interference factors and ensure reproducible measurements. The choice of atmosphere is also relevant &#8211; inert gases or vacuum-adjustable systems are useful to prevent oxidation or undesirable reaction processes.  <\/p><p>The selection of the appropriate force and tip geometries directly influences the measurement signals. Depending on the application, penetrating, compression or Flexur tips are used. Modern software tools also support the automated detection of transitions and the documentation of quality parameters, which considerably simplifies and accelerates evaluation.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11f9f4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"11f9f4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cd2a02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8cd2a02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Selection criteria for TMA systems<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8692f1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8692f1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6454cc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6454cc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Several aspects should be considered when evaluating a TMA system. The temperature range is particularly important for steel alloys, as measurements up to the high temperature range of over 1000 \u00b0C are often required here. The force resolution must be fine enough to detect even the smallest deformations for high-precision applications.  <\/p><p>Reproducibility is another important criterion: documented long-term stability and consistency of measured values ensure the comparability of batch analyses over longer periods of time. Last but not least, integration capability plays an important role &#8211; the simple connection to existing laboratory environments, both in terms of software and organization, is a key advantage for ongoing operation. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8daa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fd8daa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0426a7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0426a7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Added value for laboratory and production<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e386f8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e386f8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d1e22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18d1e22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The advantages of TMA measurement technology in a metallurgical context are manifold and have a direct impact on the value chain. The precise analysis of thermomechanical limits enables the accurate control of industrial processes and thus secures process windows. Continuous quality assurance with TMA avoids costly faulty batches, which is directly reflected in reduced reject rates.  <\/p><p>Direct measurement data for relaxation and transformation accelerate the upscaling and optimization of new alloys, which makes material development significantly more efficient. In addition, verifiable and digital measurement protocols are often a prerequisite for certifications and proof of delivery, which means that TMA also contributes to the fulfillment of regulatory requirements. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6806433 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6806433\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3bedc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3bedc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practical example: Determining the modulus of elasticity of nickel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e2b565 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2e2b565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4a56e5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e4a56e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/02-012-001-Ni-E-Modul-1024x579.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111087\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/02-012-001-Ni-E-Modul-1024x579.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/02-012-001-Ni-E-Modul-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/02-012-001-Ni-E-Modul-768x434.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/02-012-001-Ni-E-Modul-1536x868.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/02-012-001-Ni-E-Modul-2048x1157.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-855c3ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"855c3ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed05403 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed05403\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The LINSEIS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-analysis\/tma-thermomechanical-analysis\/tma-l72\/\"><strong>TMA L72<\/strong><\/a> enables sinusoidal force programs to be applied to a wide variety of specimens. This allows the determination of the flexural and elastic modulus of almost all materials. Originally designed mainly for polymer applications, the system has recently been optimized for the measurement of harder materials such as metal alloys and pure metals. By extending the force ranges up to 20 N and increasing the sample dimensions, even demanding metallic materials can now be precisely characterized.<\/p><p>In a typical 3-point bending test, a nickel sample with a length of 8.4 mm, a diameter of 5.12 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm was examined. The measurement was carried out at 50 \u00b0C using a static force of 500 mN and a superimposed sinusoidal force of an additional 1 N. The resulting change in length of the sample and the resulting calculated modulus of elasticity show excellent agreement with literature data. It is particularly advantageous that such measurements can be carried out over the entire temperature range of the instrument, enabling comprehensive screening of the mechanical properties.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-429446b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"429446b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd24354 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd24354\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Literature<\/strong><\/p><p>Bhattacharya, S. et al. (2023) &#8216;Thermal expansion and phase transition analysis of advanced steel grades using TMA&#8217;, <em>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry<\/em>. <\/p><p>Lee, H.W. et al. (2022) &#8216;Using thermomechanical analysis for alloy batch validation in metal production&#8217;, <em>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A<\/em>. <\/p><p>Meier, P. et al. (2021) &#8216;Process optimization in foundries based on high-temperature TMA measurements&#8217;, <em>International Journal of Materials Research<\/em>. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdd3ee6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cdd3ee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Companies in the steel and metal industry are faced with ever-increasing demands: Components must withstand high thermal loads, process windows must be precisely adhered to and targeted structural changes are often the key to improved material properties.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":59484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111098"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111098\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}