{"id":105847,"date":"2025-10-15T14:05:52","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T12:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/unkategorisiert\/polylactide-pla-from-bioplastic-to-high-tech-material-with-a-sustainable-future\/"},"modified":"2025-12-19T08:09:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T07:09:37","slug":"polylactide-pla-from-bioplastic-to-high-tech-material-with-a-sustainable-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/polylactide-pla-from-bioplastic-to-high-tech-material-with-a-sustainable-future\/","title":{"rendered":"Polylactide (PLA) &#8211; from bioplastic to high-tech material with a sustainable future"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"105847\" class=\"elementor elementor-105847 elementor-105702\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e16647 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0e16647\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8956847 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8956847\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b95babc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"b95babc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__b95babc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__b95babc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__b95babc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ab05b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8ab05b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7316bf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7316bf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Polylactide (PLA) - Sustainable specialty plastic with future potential  <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7822369 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7822369\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Polylactide (PLA) is becoming increasingly important in the plastics industry and is regarded as a pioneering alternative to fossil-based plastics. As a bio-based polyester, PLA is produced from lactic acid, which is mainly obtained from renewable raw materials such as corn starch or sugar cane (1). Its particular importance lies not only in its sustainable production, but also in its wide range of possible applications, from packaging to special technical applications.    <\/p><p>Compared to petroleum-based plastics, PLA has a significantly lower carbon footprint, as the plants already bind CO\u2082 during their growth, which is released again during subsequent disposal (1). This CO\u2082 neutrality makes PLA an important building block for a sustainable plastics industry. Forecasts show a significant increase in the production capacities of bioplastics such as PLA by 2028, with growth rates of up to 13% per year (2).    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5b4cc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f5b4cc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-207fb95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"207fb95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Material science basics and types of PLA<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec4509b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec4509b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Basic thermal properties<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed214ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed214ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PLA has characteristic thermal properties that define its possible applications. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/glass-transition-temperature\/\">\n  <strong>glass transition temperature<\/strong>\n<\/a> is around <strong>55-65 \u00b0C<\/strong>, which ensures dimensional stability at moderate temperatures. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/melting-point-crystallization-and-glass-transition-in-polymers\/\">\n  <strong>melting point<\/strong>\n<\/a> varies between <strong>150-180 \u00b0C<\/strong> depending on crystallinity, with typical processing temperatures of <strong>180-220 \u00b0C<\/strong>.  <\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/crystallization-and-recrystallization-of-polymers\/\">\n  <strong>crystallinity<\/strong>\n<\/a> of PLA is a decisive factor for the mechanical properties and can vary between <strong>0-45 %<\/strong> crystalline content. Amorphous PLA is transparent and more flexible, while semi-crystalline PLA has higher strength and improved thermal stability. As PLA is slow to crystallize, <strong>nucleating agents<\/strong> (e.g. talc or zinc oxide) are often used during processing to achieve the desired crystal structure.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d38a075 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d38a075\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d1ca2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d1ca2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Types and variants of PLA<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba3b1aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba3b1aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The diversity of PLA is reflected in various commercially available types:<\/b><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9caf222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9caf222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Basic types according to stereochemistry:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>PLLA\/PDLA (poly-L- and poly-D-lactide):<\/strong> Both forms differ in their molecular handedness (chirality). D- and L-lactic acid are mirror-image variants of the same molecule. Their combination can form so-called <strong>stereo complexes<\/strong>, which have a higher thermal stability.  <\/li><li><strong>PDLLA (poly-D,L-lactide):<\/strong> Amorphous, more flexible, often used for medical applications.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca5aacb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ca5aacb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c52277b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c52277b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Functional variants:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>High-temperature PLA:<\/strong> Improved heat resistance up to approx. 100 \u00b0C.<\/li><li><strong>Transparent PLA:<\/strong> Optimized for high clarity.<\/li><li><strong>Filled PLA:<\/strong> Reinforced with wood fibers, minerals or carbon fibers.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de29f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"de29f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26689ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26689ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Copolymers and blends:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>PLA\/PBAT blends:<\/strong> Improved flexibility and degradability.<\/li><li><strong>PLA\/PHA copolymers:<\/strong> Optimized marine degradability.<\/li><li><strong>Block copolymers:<\/strong> Properties can be specifically adjusted without additives.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42b3e97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"42b3e97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b80aa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b80aa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Technical properties and resistance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60cc37c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60cc37c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mechanical and thermal properties<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13c97af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13c97af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PLA impresses with its outstanding rigidity and dimensionally stable properties up to a glass transition temperature of around <strong>55-65 \u00b0C<\/strong>. The technical characteristics make PLA interesting for many special applications, but also show clear limitations. The <strong>tensile strength<\/strong> is <strong>50-70 MPa<\/strong>, the <strong>modulus of elasticity<\/strong> <strong>3-4 GPa<\/strong>, which makes PLA a good choice for applications that require a stable geometry.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1e9a5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d1e9a5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Positive technical features:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5ca3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5ca3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>High tensile strength (50-70 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (3-4 GPa)<\/li><li>Dimensional stability up to the glass transition temperature (55-65 \u00b0C)<\/li><li>Good surface hardness and scratch resistance<\/li><li><strong>Flame retardant (LOI &gt; 26 %):<\/strong> A key positive property that makes PLA clearly preferable to other biopolymers such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or polyacetate.<\/li><li>Excellent surface quality and transparency<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15be2c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15be2c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stabilities and limitations<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f25329 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f25329\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>chemical resistance<\/strong> of PLA to many media is good, but shows specific weaknesses. PLA is resistant to alcohols, oils and weak acids, but is sensitive to strong bases and concentrated acids, which can cause <strong>hydrolysis of the ester bonds<\/strong>. <\/p><p><strong>UV resistance:<\/strong><br>PLA has moderate UV stability, which can be significantly improved with suitable additives. <strong>UV absorbers<\/strong> such as <em>benzotriazoles<\/em> or <em>benzophenones<\/em> as well as <strong>stabilizers<\/strong> based on <em>hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS)<\/em> are often used to prevent yellowing and loss of properties during prolonged exposure to sunlight. Without such additives, PLA tends to yellow and become brittle when exposed to UV light. <\/p><p><strong>Mechanical resistance:<\/strong><br>The <strong>continuous service temperature<\/strong> is around <strong>50 \u00b0C<\/strong>. Above the glass transition temperature, there is a significant loss of strength. <\/p><p><strong>Technical limitations:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Low impact strength (2-5 kJ\/m\u00b2) and brittleness at room temperature<\/li><li>Moderate heat resistance (above 60 \u00b0C problematic without modification)<\/li><li>Sensitivity to hydrolysis at high humidity and elevated temperatures<\/li><li>Limited UV and chemical resistance under continuous load<\/li><li>Creep tendency under long-term stress<\/li><\/ul><p> <\/p><p>However, its low impact strength and moderate thermal stability set limits: Standard PLA is not suitable for highly stressed or thermally intensive applications above <strong>60 \u00b0C<\/strong>. Even above the glass transition temperature, the material begins to deform or loses its dimensional stability. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41c0fed elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"41c0fed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-720c711 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"720c711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/197-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-105717\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/197-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/197-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/197-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/197.png 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28d3397 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"28d3397\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ff397d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ff397d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sustainability comparison: PLA versus fossil plastics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a6a282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a6a282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sustainability of PLA in direct comparison to conventional plastics shows clear advantages, but also specific challenges. The production of PLA requires <g id=\"gid_0\">25-68% less fossil energy<\/g> than the production of conventional plastics. This lower energy requirement results from the <strong>lower processing temperature<\/strong>, the <strong>energy-efficient <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/polymers\/\" data-auto-event-observed=\"true\"><b>polymerization<\/b><\/a> from lactic acid<\/strong> and the fact that <strong>the extraction of raw materials from biomass<\/strong> (e.g. corn or sugar cane) is less energy-intensive than the extraction and refining of fossil raw materials. While fossil plastics are based on finite petroleum resources, PLA is based on renewable plant sources.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d529ba3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d529ba3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f416509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f416509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key sustainability benefits of PLA:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8733a0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8733a0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-846c31d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"846c31d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Renewable raw material base from maize or sugar cane<\/li><li>Reduced energy requirement in production by 25-68% (due to lower processing temperatures and bio-based raw material extraction)<\/li><li>Smaller CO\u2082 footprint due to CO\u2082 absorption by plants during growth<\/li><li>Biodegradability under industrial composting conditions<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81cca11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"81cca11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8f1ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b8f1ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Challenges and limitations:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b176f29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b176f29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce445c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce445c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Land and water consumption for raw material production<\/li><li>Potential competition with food production<\/li><li>Mining only under optimal industrial conditions<\/li><li>Significantly slower decomposition process in home compost or in nature<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21d693f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"21d693f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c3563f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c3563f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A key feature of sustainability is its <strong>biodegradability in accordance with DIN EN 13432<\/strong>. Under optimal industrial conditions, PLA decomposes into <strong>water, carbon dioxide and biomass<\/strong> within a few months. However, the actual decomposition depends heavily on temperature, humidity and microbial activity &#8211; it is much slower in home compost or in the wild.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-528f037 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"528f037\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f1309b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f1309b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Innovation potential and further development  <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8715010 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8715010\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The further development of PLA offers far-reaching opportunities for the specialty plastics industry. Modern processes such as reactive extrusion and innovative block copolymers are opening up new fields of application &#8211; such as flexible films for packaging, additive manufacturing or textiles (3). Specific blends and copolymers with other biopolymers make it possible to control the properties of PLA in a targeted manner.    <\/p><p>Innovative synthesis technologies can further improve the properties of bio-based plastics. For example, block copolymers are used to create a more flexible and recyclable PLA film material without the addition of plasticizers (4). New PLA types enable processing on standard industrial machines, which makes it easier for SMEs to enter production.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6081eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b6081eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ade97c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ade97c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Development approaches for improved PLA properties:  <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2a962c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d2a962c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d5dba3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d5dba3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Block copolymers for increased flexibility and impact strength  <\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Blends with other biopolymers (PBAT, PHA, PBS)  <\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Additives to improve heat resistance and UV stability  <\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Wood-polymer composites for special applications  <\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Optimized recyclability and circular economy  <\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nucleating agent for controlled crystallization  <\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d723a59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d723a59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ab1b62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ab1b62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The combination with natural fibers and the use of alternative bio-based polymers enable solutions for special applications that were previously difficult to substitute. Advances in chemical and mechanical recycling make recyclable use realistic, especially in the case of PLA, which can be recycled with less energy input (5).   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf134b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"faf134b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b3183d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0b3183d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb23546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb23546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typical applications and market opportunities<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01443e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"01443e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ef1dd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ef1dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PLA has established itself in numerous branches of industry and is considered one of the most versatile bio-based plastics. The largest market segment is the <strong>packaging industry<\/strong>, where PLA is widely used due to its transparency, dimensional stability and compostability. Typical applications include <strong>food packaging<\/strong> such as films, cups and trays, as well as <strong>disposable tableware<\/strong>, <strong>flexible packaging<\/strong>, <strong>labels and pressure-sensitive adhesive solutions<\/strong>.  <\/p><p>Another rapidly growing field is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wiki\/3d-printing-polymers\/\">\n  <strong>3D printing<\/strong>\n<\/a>. Here, PLA impresses with its ease of processing, good dimensional stability and low shrinkage. It is used in <strong>prototype construction<\/strong>, for <strong>design objects<\/strong>, <strong>architectural models<\/strong> and in <strong>the education sector<\/strong> and by <strong>hobby users<\/strong>. Functional components with moderate mechanical and thermal requirements can also be reliably produced from PLA.   <\/p><p>PLA is also widely used in <strong>medical technology and pharmaceuticals<\/strong> due to its biocompatibility and degradability. Examples include <strong>resorbable implants and screws<\/strong>, <strong>surgical sutures<\/strong>, <strong>wound closures<\/strong>, <strong>disposable devices<\/strong> and <strong>drug capsules<\/strong> as part of <strong>drug delivery systems<\/strong>. <\/p><p>In addition to these established markets, new areas of application are increasingly emerging. In the <strong>automotive<\/strong> industry, PLA-based materials for <strong>interior trim<\/strong>, <strong>decorative parts<\/strong>, <strong>upholstery<\/strong> and <strong>temporary components<\/strong> are being tested <strong>in the manufacturing process<\/strong>. PLA is also gaining importance in the <strong>electronics and consumer goods<\/strong> sector &#8211; for example for <strong>appliance housings<\/strong>, <strong>toys<\/strong>, <strong>household items<\/strong> or <strong>sports and leisure products<\/strong>, as long as they are not exposed to high temperatures.  <\/p><p>In <strong>the textile sector<\/strong>, PLA is processed into <strong>nonwovens<\/strong>, <strong>technical textiles<\/strong>, <strong>filter materials<\/strong> and <strong>blended fibers for clothing<\/strong>. Its bio-based origin and compostability make it particularly attractive for applications with a limited useful life. <\/p><p>The <strong>social acceptance of<\/strong> sustainable materials and <strong>increasingly strict regulatory requirements<\/strong> are promoting the use of PLA in many industries. Accordingly, the market share of bio-based polymers is growing continuously &#8211; not only in the packaging sector, but increasingly also in <strong>technical and durable applications<\/strong>. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f96cd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1f96cd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3844b8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3844b8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4de31c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4de31c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion  <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcee68e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"dcee68e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa8f458 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa8f458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PLA is positioning itself as a sustainable and technically versatile alternative to traditional plastics in the specialty plastics industry. The advantages lie in its bio-based production, reduced carbon footprint and biodegradability under industrial conditions. With 25-68% lower fossil energy requirements and significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions, PLA offers clear sustainability benefits.    <\/p><p>The technical properties with a glass transition temperature of 55-65\u00b0C and a melting point of 150-180\u00b0C make PLA suitable for many applications, but also show defined limits. The limited thermal stability and restricted impact strength limit its use in highly stressed or thermally intensive applications. Nevertheless, innovative developments such as block copolymers, functional blends and the large diversity of available PLA types open up new possibilities for targeted property improvements.    <\/p><p>The different PLA variants, from highly crystalline PLLA to flexible copolymers, enable a wide range of typical applications from packaging to medical technology and technical components. The continuous improvement of chemical, UV and mechanical resistance through additives and modifications is constantly expanding the range of applications.   <\/p><p>Market forecasts with annual growth rates of up to 13% until 2028 underline the potential of PLA. For the future, it is crucial that the circular economy is optimized and raw material production is sustainable. PLA is therefore on the threshold of a sustainable plastics industry &#8211; efficient and versatile, but still with relevant system limits in terms of degradability and long-term stability.    <\/p><p> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abc02f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abc02f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>List of sources<\/strong> <\/p><p>(1) Pack-Verde: Materials science &#8211; PLA  <\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pack-verde.com\/blog\/de\/materialkunde\/materialkunde-pla-alles-wissenswerte-ueber-den-biokunststoff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.pack-verde.com\/blog\/de\/materialkunde\/materialkunde-pla-alles-wissenswerte-ueber-den-biokunststoff\/<\/a> <\/p><p>(2) Bayern Innovativ: Future vision of bioplastics as the key to sustainability &#8211;<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bayern-innovativ.de\/detail\/zukunftsvision-biokunststoffe-als-schluessel-zur-nachhaltigkeit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bayern-innovativ.de\/detail\/zukunftsvision-biokunststoffe-als-schluessel-zur-nachhaltigkeit\/<\/a> <\/p><p>(3) University of Stuttgart: Polylactide development  <\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/elib.uni-stuttgart.de\/bitstreams\/db9dbe4a-21bf-47bb-b9af-83947b161a24\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/elib.uni-stuttgart.de\/bitstreams\/db9dbe4a-21bf-47bb-b9af-83947b161a24\/download<\/a> <\/p><p>(4) Haute innovation: PLA film material  <\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.haute-innovation.com\/magazin\/nachhaltigkeit\/pla-folienmaterial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.haute-innovation.com\/magazin\/nachhaltigkeit\/pla-folienmaterial\/<\/a> <\/p><p>(5) Innovation Report: Bio-based plastics  <\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.innovations-report.de\/gesundheit-leben\/biowissenschaften-chemie\/biobasierte-kunststoffe-neuartiges-folienmaterial-aus-dem-biokunststoff-pla\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.innovations-report.de\/gesundheit-leben\/biowissenschaften-chemie\/biobasierte-kunststoffe-neuartiges-folienmaterial-aus-dem-biokunststoff-pla\/<\/a> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5489c05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5489c05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polylactide (PLA) is becoming increasingly important in the plastics industry and is considered a pioneering alternative to fossil-based plastics<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":105706,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105847"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105847\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}