{"id":151857,"date":"2026-08-19T09:22:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T07:22:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/applikationen\/material-analysis-for-new-technologies\/nanotechnology\/"},"modified":"2026-08-19T10:00:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T08:00:45","slug":"nanotechnology","status":"publish","type":"applikationen","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/material-analysis-for-new-technologies\/nanotechnology\/","title":{"rendered":"Nanotechnology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"151857\" class=\"elementor elementor-151857 elementor-151089\" data-elementor-post-type=\"applikationen\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7516b3d8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7516b3d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-378a0083 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"378a0083\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/linseis_scale-top-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123852\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25e384b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25e384b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c873ac5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c873ac5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7935fea3 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7935fea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Nanotechnology<\/b><\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7d6339 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b7d6339\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Precise thermal and electrical characterization of nanomaterials, nanostructures, and functional material systems<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cd67cd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4cd67cd1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-622707ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"622707ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Produkt 1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;d6fbcdb&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:2000,&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Karussell\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-514da080 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"514da080\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba251e5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ba251e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Linseis-Icons_Nanotechnologie-1024x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151822\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Linseis-Icons_Nanotechnologie-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Linseis-Icons_Nanotechnologie-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Linseis-Icons_Nanotechnologie-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Linseis-Icons_Nanotechnologie-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Linseis-Icons_Nanotechnologie-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Linseis-Icons_Nanotechnologie-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cde5263 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3cde5263\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/linseis_scale-bottom-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-123866\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16040c26 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"16040c26\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec28532 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ec28532\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d3f716 elementor-align-right elementor-widget__width-auto btn-fancy elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6d3f716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#herausforderungen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Challenges<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9671f7 elementor-align-right elementor-widget__width-auto btn-fancy elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c9671f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#methode\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Methods<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eac49ee elementor-align-right elementor-widget__width-auto btn-fancy elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"eac49ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#geraete\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Devices<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c6b02d elementor-align-right elementor-widget__width-auto btn-fancy elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8c6b02d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#applikation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Scope of Application<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-086a8ef elementor-align-right elementor-widget__width-auto btn-fancy elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"086a8ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#faq\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">FAQ<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7125e09a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7125e09a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55187de9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55187de9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5341e60c elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-bcn_widget\" data-id=\"5341e60c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-bcn_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"breadcrumbs\" vocab=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/\" typeof=\"BreadcrumbList\"><span property=\"itemListElement\" typeof=\"ListItem\"><a property=\"item\" typeof=\"WebPage\" title=\"Go to Linseis.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/\" class=\"home\" aria-current=\"page\"><span property=\"name\">Linseis<\/span><\/a><meta property=\"position\" content=\"1\"><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf0bd89 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bf0bd89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-266b41f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"266b41f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-662cae92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"662cae92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"1257\">Nanotechnology enables the targeted development of materials and structures whose properties can change fundamentally due to dimensions in the nanometer range. Nanoparticles, nanostructured materials, and nanoscale functional layers are used today in, among other things, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/material-analysis-for-electronics-semiconductors\/\"><strong>semiconductors<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/materials-analysis-for-energy-and-battery-systems\/\"><strong>energy storage devices<\/strong><\/a>, sensors, thermoelectric materials, and modern coatings, among other applications. <\/p><p data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1696\">As structural dimensions decrease, surfaces, interfaces, and nanoscale transport mechanisms become increasingly important. As a result, thermal and electrical properties can differ significantly from those of the corresponding bulk material. Precise experimental characterization is therefore crucial for understanding structure-property relationships and for specifically optimizing nanomaterials for technical applications.  <\/p><p data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1969\">LINSEIS analytical instruments can be used to investigate the thermal, thermophysical, and electrical properties of modern nanomaterials\u2014from nanostructured bulk materials and nanocomposites to nanoscale layers and functional material systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cec6e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"6cec6e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"challenges\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af460cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af460cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Relevant Questions<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li data-section-id=\"122jyvw\" data-start=\"2059\" data-end=\"2117\">How do nanoscale structures affect heat transfer?<\/li>\n \t<li data-section-id=\"qzbzs9\" data-start=\"2118\" data-end=\"2193\">How do nano- and bulk materials differ in their properties?<\/li>\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1on0j6l\" data-start=\"2194\" data-end=\"2256\">How do interfaces affect heat conduction?<\/li>\n \t<li data-section-id=\"eslf4y\" data-start=\"2257\" data-end=\"2322\">How does the nanostructure affect electrical conductivity?<\/li>\n \t<li data-section-id=\"w2zqno\" data-start=\"2323\" data-end=\"2387\">What role do charge carrier concentration and mobility play?<\/li>\n \t<li data-section-id=\"16akk54\" data-start=\"2388\" data-end=\"2459\">How do nanoparticles alter the properties of a composite material?<\/li>\n \t<li data-section-id=\"186ju8h\" data-start=\"2460\" data-end=\"2530\">What is the thermal stability of nanostructured materials?<\/li>\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1moj5cp\" data-start=\"2531\" data-end=\"2612\">How do thermal and electrical properties change with temperature?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Relevant Material and Process Parameters<\/h3>\n<table class=\"linseis-table\">\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th>Parameter<\/th>\n            <th>Meaning<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td>Thermal Conductivity<\/td>\n            <td>Characterization of Heat Transport in Nanostructured Materials<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>Thermal Conductivity<\/td>\n            <td>Evaluation of heat propagation in the material<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>Thermal Interfaces<\/td>\n            <td>The Influence of Nanoscale Material Transitions on Heat Transfer<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>Thermal Anisotropy<\/td>\n            <td>Directional Dependence of Heat Transport in Structured Materials<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>Electrical Resistance<\/td>\n            <td>Evaluation of Electrical Transport Properties<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>Charge Carrier Concentration<\/td>\n            <td>Characterization of electronic and semiconducting nanomaterials<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>Load Carrier Mobility<\/td>\n            <td>Evaluation of charge transport in the material<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>Thermal Stability<\/td>\n            <td>Resistance of Nanostructured Materials to Thermal Stress<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de95660 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"de95660\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"method\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6ed348 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c6ed348\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25eb92b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25eb92b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1963217 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1963217\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb95720 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb95720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Measurement Methods for Nanotechnology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2099ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2099ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55f0114 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55f0114\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a603ee6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a603ee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_FDTR_Applikationsseiten-1024x565.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151736\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_FDTR_Applikationsseiten-1024x565.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_FDTR_Applikationsseiten-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_FDTR_Applikationsseiten-768x424.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_FDTR_Applikationsseiten.png 1096w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-122c227 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"122c227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/linseis_corner-white-up-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1177\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7467ab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7467ab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Frequency-Domain Thermoreflectance (FDTR)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06280d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06280d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"4163\" data-end=\"4283\">Optical characterization of heat transport in nanoscale layers, nanostructures, and complex material systems.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"7w5esc\" data-start=\"4285\" data-end=\"4300\">Analysis of<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4302\" data-end=\"4430\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1iej18i\" data-start=\"4302\" data-end=\"4322\">Thermal conductivity<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"198pv5u\" data-start=\"4323\" data-end=\"4348\">Thermal Conductivity<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"14ih5kj\" data-start=\"4349\" data-end=\"4374\">In-plane heat transfer<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"12649ii\" data-start=\"4375\" data-end=\"4403\">Cross-Plane Heat Transfer<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"navpr2\" data-start=\"4404\" data-end=\"4430\">Thermal Interfaces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1o3ot0v\" data-start=\"4432\" data-end=\"4456\">Typical Applications<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4458\" data-end=\"4589\">\n<li data-section-id=\"b1shf8\" data-start=\"4458\" data-end=\"4487\">Nanostructured Layers<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"q6nqsl\" data-start=\"4488\" data-end=\"4511\">Semiconductor Materials<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"4as5r6\" data-start=\"4512\" data-end=\"4531\">Multilayer Systems<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"s8ylwt\" data-start=\"4532\" data-end=\"4561\">Functional Nanomaterials<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"hfcgys\" data-start=\"4562\" data-end=\"4589\">Micro- and Nanoelectronics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cab733f btn-simple elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cab733f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/methods\/fdtr-frequency-domain-thermoreflectance\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2757\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2757\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2756\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2756\"><path id=\"Pfad_2826\" data-name=\"Pfad 2826\" d=\"M4.051,1.129L.98,10.871h2.523L6.58,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><path id=\"Pfad_2827\" data-name=\"Pfad 2827\" d=\"M8.491,1.129l-3.071,9.742h2.523L11.02,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f901a4e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f901a4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-077562c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"077562c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b435fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5b435fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_TFA-1024x565.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-140272\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_TFA-1024x565.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_TFA-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_TFA-768x424.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_TFA.png 1096w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5cddb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5c5cddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/linseis_corner-white-up-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1177\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3d2fae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3d2fae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Thin Film Analysis (TFA)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d60d6c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d60d6c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"4638\" data-end=\"4754\">Thermal characterization of thin and nanoscale material systems using electrical heating and measurement structures.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"7w5esc\" data-start=\"4756\" data-end=\"4771\">Analysis of<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4773\" data-end=\"4901\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1iej18i\" data-start=\"4773\" data-end=\"4793\">Thermal conductivity<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"11vghs2\" data-start=\"4794\" data-end=\"4810\">Heat Transfer<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1n81vnm\" data-start=\"4811\" data-end=\"4847\">Temperature-Dependent Properties<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"yrzep4\" data-start=\"4848\" data-end=\"4865\">Shift Systems<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"2ktpcv\" data-start=\"4866\" data-end=\"4901\">Thermal Properties of Materials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1o3ot0v\" data-start=\"4903\" data-end=\"4927\">Typical Applications<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4929\" data-end=\"5046\">\n<li data-section-id=\"130x5g8\" data-start=\"4929\" data-end=\"4960\">Nanostructured Materials<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1es6i4b\" data-start=\"4961\" data-end=\"4972\">Thin films<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"29hv9l\" data-start=\"4973\" data-end=\"4994\">Semiconductor layers<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"kd3rh1\" data-start=\"4995\" data-end=\"5020\">Dielectric Layers<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1b57hcz\" data-start=\"5021\" data-end=\"5046\">Functional Materials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce1265 btn-simple elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1ce1265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/methods\/3-omega-method\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2757\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2757\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2756\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2756\"><path id=\"Pfad_2826\" data-name=\"Pfad 2826\" d=\"M4.051,1.129L.98,10.871h2.523L6.58,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><path id=\"Pfad_2827\" data-name=\"Pfad 2827\" d=\"M8.491,1.129l-3.071,9.742h2.523L11.02,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44a6a3f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44a6a3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bbffaa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7bbffaa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a76027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a76027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_HCS_DEU-1024x565.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-140271\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_HCS_DEU-1024x565.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_HCS_DEU-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_HCS_DEU-768x424.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_HCS_DEU.png 1096w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc06658 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dc06658\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/linseis_corner-white-up-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1177\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7f7786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f7f7786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Hall Effect Analysis (HCS)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b862921 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b862921\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\"><div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-5\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\"><section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-5\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-5\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-121\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"><div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"53dea00f-8e0c-429b-b224-7b40bb80087a\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"><div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full dark markdown-new-styling\"><div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\"><div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-6\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\"><section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-6\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-6\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-123\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"><div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"64d7dc12-367e-40c0-bc19-bc46484d65e8\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"><div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full dark markdown-new-styling\"><p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"5100\" data-end=\"5210\">Determination of fundamental electrical transport properties of semiconductors and functional nanomaterials.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"7w5esc\" data-start=\"5212\" data-end=\"5227\">Analysis of<\/h3><ul data-start=\"5229\" data-end=\"5367\"><li data-section-id=\"ozi5d4\" data-start=\"5229\" data-end=\"5247\">Hall coefficient<\/li><li data-section-id=\"2hk09o\" data-start=\"5248\" data-end=\"5276\">Charge carrier concentration<\/li><li data-section-id=\"pedjqs\" data-start=\"5277\" data-end=\"5301\">Charge carrier mobility<\/li><li data-section-id=\"ko83dd\" data-start=\"5302\" data-end=\"5327\">Electrical Resistance<\/li><li data-section-id=\"ijzdes\" data-start=\"5328\" data-end=\"5367\">Temperature-Dependent Charge Transport<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"1o3ot0v\" data-start=\"5369\" data-end=\"5393\">Typical Applications<\/h3><ul data-start=\"5395\" data-end=\"5518\"><li data-section-id=\"wnfl70\" data-start=\"5395\" data-end=\"5407\">Semiconductors<\/li><li data-section-id=\"130x5g8\" data-start=\"5408\" data-end=\"5439\">Nanostructured Materials<\/li><li data-section-id=\"xk9i6n\" data-start=\"5440\" data-end=\"5463\">Functional Layers<\/li><li data-section-id=\"196th0j\" data-start=\"5464\" data-end=\"5487\">Electronic Materials<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1799d2q\" data-start=\"5488\" data-end=\"5518\">Thermoelectric Materials<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb629ab btn-simple elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"eb629ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/hall-effect-analyzer\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2757\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2757\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2756\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2756\"><path id=\"Pfad_2826\" data-name=\"Pfad 2826\" d=\"M4.051,1.129L.98,10.871h2.523L6.58,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><path id=\"Pfad_2827\" data-name=\"Pfad 2827\" d=\"M8.491,1.129l-3.071,9.742h2.523L11.02,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de767f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de767f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29039c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29039c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b99ed44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b99ed44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_LSR-1024x565.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151737\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_LSR-1024x565.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_LSR-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_LSR-768x424.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Methoden-Icons-fuer-Website_LSR.png 1096w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df19704 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"df19704\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/linseis_corner-white-up-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1177\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5db278 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5db278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Seebeck &amp; Resistance Measurement (LSR)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70f4e05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70f4e05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-8\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-8\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a02d3c7-f9d4-83eb-8acd-b98ac8132e0b-8\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-127\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"28463296-bc10-4aff-b327-912872a4f0ac\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full dark markdown-new-styling\">\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"5599\" data-end=\"5716\">Characterization of the electrical and thermoelectric transport properties of nanostructured functional materials.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"7w5esc\" data-start=\"5718\" data-end=\"5733\">Analysis of<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"5735\" data-end=\"5872\">\n<li data-section-id=\"12o78f1\" data-start=\"5735\" data-end=\"5756\">Seebeck coefficient<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"ko83dd\" data-start=\"5757\" data-end=\"5782\">Electrical Resistance<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1aubu6a\" data-start=\"5783\" data-end=\"5815\">Temperature-Dependent Transport<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ylbvoa\" data-start=\"5816\" data-end=\"5850\">Thermoelectric Properties<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"kah6q6\" data-start=\"5851\" data-end=\"5872\">Material Optimization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1o3ot0v\" data-start=\"5874\" data-end=\"5898\">Typical Applications<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"5900\" data-end=\"6007\">\n<li data-section-id=\"uvwsqb\" data-start=\"5900\" data-end=\"5935\">Thermoelectric Nanomaterials<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"wnfl70\" data-start=\"5936\" data-end=\"5948\">Semiconductors<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"tfiy7v\" data-start=\"5949\" data-end=\"5964\">Nanocomposites<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"g25nzr\" data-start=\"5965\" data-end=\"5986\">Functional Materials<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"tcyljq\" data-start=\"5987\" data-end=\"6007\">Energy Materials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43e1555 btn-simple elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"43e1555\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/lsr-thermoelectrics\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2757\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2757\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2756\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2756\"><path id=\"Pfad_2826\" data-name=\"Pfad 2826\" d=\"M4.051,1.129L.98,10.871h2.523L6.58,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><path id=\"Pfad_2827\" data-name=\"Pfad 2827\" d=\"M8.491,1.129l-3.071,9.742h2.523L11.02,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">View Solutions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-790102a elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"790102a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"devices\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2554dcd5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2554dcd5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b380929 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b380929\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recommended Measurement Instruments for Nanotechnology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ca18b4 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-carousel\" data-id=\"4ca18b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;template_id&quot;:38628,&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;_skin&quot;:&quot;post&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;edit_handle_selector&quot;:&quot;.elementor-loop-container&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-26c3b66{--display:flex;--padding-top:15px;--padding-bottom:60px;--padding-left:60px;--padding-right:60px;}.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-c7c0cf9{color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-c7c0cf9 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 15px 0px;}.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e25ad5f{font-family:\"tt-commons-pro-thin\", Sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:22px;color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e25ad5f > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 30px 0px;}.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-157efd1 .elementor-button-content-wrapper{flex-direction:row-reverse;}.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-157efd1 .elementor-button .elementor-button-content-wrapper{gap:30px;}.elementor-38628 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-fe9af43{--content-width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fe9af43{--padding-top:30px;--padding-bottom:30px;--padding-left:30px;--padding-right:30px;}.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-c049c96 img{max-width:90px;}.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-c049c96 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px -10px -60px 0px;}}\/* Start custom CSS for image, class: .elementor-element-c550419 *\/.elementor-38628 .elementor-element.elementor-element-c550419 img:hover {transform:scale(1.2) ;}\n\nimg {transition:0.5s;}\/* End custom CSS *\/\n\/* Start custom CSS for button, class: .elementor-element-157efd1 *\/:hover {transform: 100px}\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"38628\" class=\"elementor elementor-38628 elementor-374 elementor-374 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27019 post-27019 messgeraete type-messgeraete status-publish hentry category-electrical-property category-hcs-hall-effect-analysis\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe9af43 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fe9af43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c78ad0b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c78ad0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c049c96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c049c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-1024x359.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-28659\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-1024x359.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-768x270.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-1536x539.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-2048x719.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c550419 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c550419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/hall-effect-analyzer\/hcs-l36\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/HCS-Overview-1200x1500-1-819x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-128673\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/HCS-Overview-1200x1500-1-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/HCS-Overview-1200x1500-1-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/HCS-Overview-1200x1500-1-768x960.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/HCS-Overview-1200x1500-1.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f48b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c4f48b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e7301b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e7301b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">HCS L36<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c3b66 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26c3b66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7c0cf9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7c0cf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrecise Hall-effect measurements on semiconductors, thin films, and modern materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157efd1 btn-simple elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"157efd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:750}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/hall-effect-analyzer\/hcs-l36\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2757\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2757\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2756\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2756\"><path id=\"Pfad_2826\" data-name=\"Pfad 2826\" d=\"M4.051,1.129L.98,10.871h2.523L6.58,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><path id=\"Pfad_2827\" data-name=\"Pfad 2827\" d=\"M8.491,1.129l-3.071,9.742h2.523L11.02,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"38628\" class=\"elementor elementor-38628 elementor-374 elementor-374 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27110 post-27110 messgeraete type-messgeraete status-publish hentry category-electrical-property category-tfa-thin-film-analyzer-en category-thermal-conductivity category-thermoelectrics\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe9af43 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fe9af43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c78ad0b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c78ad0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c049c96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c049c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Patentiert-Banner-ENG-3-1024x359.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-124293\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Patentiert-Banner-ENG-3-1024x359.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Patentiert-Banner-ENG-3-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Patentiert-Banner-ENG-3-768x270.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Patentiert-Banner-ENG-3-1536x539.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Patentiert-Banner-ENG-3-2048x719.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c550419 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c550419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/lsr-thermoelectrics\/lsr-l33\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LSR_3_hochskaliert-1-819x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111691\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LSR_3_hochskaliert-1-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LSR_3_hochskaliert-1-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LSR_3_hochskaliert-1-768x960.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LSR_3_hochskaliert-1.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f48b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c4f48b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e7301b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e7301b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LSR-3 (LSR L33)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c3b66 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26c3b66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7c0cf9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7c0cf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeebeck coefficient \/ Electrical conductivity \/ Harman method \/ ZT on modules\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157efd1 btn-simple elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"157efd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:750}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/lsr-thermoelectrics\/lsr-l33\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2757\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2757\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2756\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2756\"><path id=\"Pfad_2826\" data-name=\"Pfad 2826\" d=\"M4.051,1.129L.98,10.871h2.523L6.58,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><path id=\"Pfad_2827\" data-name=\"Pfad 2827\" d=\"M8.491,1.129l-3.071,9.742h2.523L11.02,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"38628\" class=\"elementor elementor-38628 elementor-374 elementor-374 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27447 post-27447 messgeraete type-messgeraete status-publish hentry category-elektrische-eigenschaft category-tfa-thin-film-analyzer-elektrische-eigenschaft\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe9af43 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fe9af43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c78ad0b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c78ad0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c550419 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c550419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/electrical-property\/thin-film-thin-film-analysis\/tfa-l59\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/TFA-L59-1200-x-1500-819x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-94993\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/TFA-L59-1200-x-1500-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/TFA-L59-1200-x-1500-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/TFA-L59-1200-x-1500-768x960.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/TFA-L59-1200-x-1500.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f48b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c4f48b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e7301b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e7301b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TFA L59<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c3b66 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26c3b66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7c0cf9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7c0cf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDetermination of the physical properties of thin films\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157efd1 btn-simple elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"157efd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:750}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/electrical-property\/thin-film-thin-film-analysis\/tfa-l59\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2757\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2757\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2756\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2756\"><path id=\"Pfad_2826\" data-name=\"Pfad 2826\" d=\"M4.051,1.129L.98,10.871h2.523L6.58,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><path id=\"Pfad_2827\" data-name=\"Pfad 2827\" d=\"M8.491,1.129l-3.071,9.742h2.523L11.02,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"38628\" class=\"elementor elementor-38628 elementor-374 elementor-374 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27439 post-27439 messgeraete type-messgeraete status-publish hentry category-tf-lfa-thin-film-laser-flash-analyzer category-waermeleitfaehigkeit\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe9af43 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fe9af43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c78ad0b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c78ad0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c049c96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c049c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-3-1024x359.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26553\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-3-1024x359.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-3-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-3-768x270.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-3-1536x539.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Roter-Textblock-schraeg_NEW-3-2048x719.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c550419 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c550419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/tf-lfa-l54\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/TF-LFA-FDTR-819x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-49002\" alt=\"TF-LFA Analyse de couches minces\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/TF-LFA-FDTR-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/TF-LFA-FDTR-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/TF-LFA-FDTR-768x960.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/TF-LFA-FDTR.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f48b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c4f48b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e7301b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e7301b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TF-LFA L54<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c3b66 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26c3b66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7c0cf9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7c0cf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThermal conductivity \/ thermal diffusivity measurements: 10 nm &#8211; 20 \u00b5m\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157efd1 btn-simple elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"157efd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:750}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-conductivity\/tf-lfa-l54\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2757\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2757\"><g id=\"Gruppe_2756\" data-name=\"Gruppe 2756\"><path id=\"Pfad_2826\" data-name=\"Pfad 2826\" d=\"M4.051,1.129L.98,10.871h2.523L6.58,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><path id=\"Pfad_2827\" data-name=\"Pfad 2827\" d=\"M8.491,1.129l-3.071,9.742h2.523L11.02,1.129h-2.529Z\" fill=\"#0870b8\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 84 52\"><defs><clipPath id=\"clippath\"><rect x=\"1.282\" y=\"1\" width=\"81.438\" 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stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47098d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d47098d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"application\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25525173 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"25525173\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59fabc3e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"59fabc3e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69437f31 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69437f31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case Study: Thermal Transport in Nanostructured Materials<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2031aaa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2031aaa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8985d47 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8985d47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea6209e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea6209e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermal Stability of an Encapsulated Urea-Kaolinite Nanocomposite<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3b5194 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c3b5194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"502\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/STA-L82_Thermal-Stability-of-an-Encapsulated-Urea-Kaolinite-Nanocomposite-1024x642.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-151678\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/STA-L82_Thermal-Stability-of-an-Encapsulated-Urea-Kaolinite-Nanocomposite-1024x642.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/STA-L82_Thermal-Stability-of-an-Encapsulated-Urea-Kaolinite-Nanocomposite-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/STA-L82_Thermal-Stability-of-an-Encapsulated-Urea-Kaolinite-Nanocomposite-768x481.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/STA-L82_Thermal-Stability-of-an-Encapsulated-Urea-Kaolinite-Nanocomposite-1536x963.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/STA-L82_Thermal-Stability-of-an-Encapsulated-Urea-Kaolinite-Nanocomposite-2048x1284.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29a1dba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29a1dba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>TG-DTG measurements using the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/instruments\/thermal-analysis\/simultaneous-thermal-analyzer-tga-dsc\/sta-l82\/\"><strong data-start=\"2381\" data-end=\"2400\">LINSEIS STA L82<\/strong><\/a> show the characteristic decomposition stages of a urea-kaolinite nanocomposite encapsulated with gum arabic for controlled-release fertilizers. The measurement distinguishes between moisture and water loss, the degradation of the encapsulation, and the dehydroxylation of the kaolinite, thereby providing important information on the thermal stability of the formulation. Download the white paper to learn more about the measurement setup, decomposition processes, and the interpretation of the measurement results.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e934261 elementor-button-align-stretch elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"e934261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"conditional_logic_data_js hidden\" data-form-id=\"Nanotechnology_White Paper\" value=\"[]\" \/>\r\n\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"Nanotechnology_White Paper\" aria-label=\"Nanotechnology_White Paper\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"151857\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"e934261\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"Nanotechnology | Thermal &amp; Electrical Materials Analysis\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"queried_id\" value=\"151857\"\/>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-above\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100 elementor-field-required elementor-mark-required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tName\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"Name\" required=\"required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_f8bf5d1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_f8bf5d1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCompany\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[field_f8bf5d1]\" id=\"form-field-field_f8bf5d1\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"Company\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-email elementor-col-100 elementor-field-required elementor-mark-required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-email\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tE-Mail\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[email]\" id=\"form-field-email\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"E-Mail\" required=\"required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-acceptance elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_8bca608 elementor-col-100 elementor-field-required elementor-mark-required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_8bca608\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-field-option\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"form_fields[field_8bca608]\" id=\"form-field-field_8bca608\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-acceptance-field\" required=\"required\">\n\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_8bca608\">I have read the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/privacy-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline\">privacy policy<\/a> and consent to the processing of my data for the purpose of providing the white paper and allowing Linseis Messger\u00e4te GmbH to contact me by email. I may withdraw my consent at any time. \n<\/label><\/label>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download the white paper<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a54c0b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a54c0b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de577e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5de577e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-section-id=\"1l151lx\" data-start=\"9180\" data-end=\"9246\">Why the Characterization of Nanomaterials Is Crucial<\/h3><p data-start=\"9248\" data-end=\"9584\">At the nanometer scale, material properties can differ significantly from those of macroscopic materials. The high surface-to-volume ratio, numerous interfaces, and altered transport mechanisms mean that conventional bulk parameters are often insufficient to describe the actual material behavior. <\/p><p data-start=\"9586\" data-end=\"9766\">Targeted thermal and electrical characterization provides the necessary data to understand these effects and apply them to the development of new materials.<\/p><p data-start=\"9768\" data-end=\"9821\">The combination of modern analytical methods makes it possible to:<\/p><ul data-start=\"9823\" data-end=\"10411\"><li data-section-id=\"15gajd6\" data-start=\"9823\" data-end=\"9881\">Characterization of Heat Transport in Nanomaterials<\/li><li data-section-id=\"iybuc5\" data-start=\"9882\" data-end=\"9945\">Determination of Thermal Conductivity and Temperature Conductivity<\/li><li data-section-id=\"kff0sz\" data-start=\"9946\" data-end=\"9993\">Investigation of Nanoscale Interfacial Effects<\/li><li data-section-id=\"dnls8h\" data-start=\"9994\" data-end=\"10041\">Analysis of Anisotropic Thermal Properties<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1sfcpdl\" data-start=\"10042\" data-end=\"10090\">Determination of Electrical Transport Properties<\/li><li data-section-id=\"143tvth\" data-start=\"10091\" data-end=\"10155\">Characterization of Charge Carrier Concentration and Mobility<\/li><li data-section-id=\"167n9ov\" data-start=\"10156\" data-end=\"10203\">Investigation of Thermoelectric Properties<\/li><li data-section-id=\"glaen8\" data-start=\"10204\" data-end=\"10242\">Assessment of Thermal Stability<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1g7z18a\" data-start=\"10243\" data-end=\"10285\">Comparison of Nano- and Bulk Materials<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1ej4q8h\" data-start=\"10286\" data-end=\"10352\">Investigation of the Influence of Nanostructures and Nanoparticles<\/li><li data-section-id=\"j0x3ys\" data-start=\"10353\" data-end=\"10411\">Development and Optimization of Functional Nanomaterials<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b842f32 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b842f32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-324c8de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"324c8de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd2b4be elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd2b4be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Applications \u2013 New Technologies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-665adb1 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"665adb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2438832f elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-carousel\" data-id=\"2438832f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-widget_type=\"loop-carousel.post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper elementor-loop-container elementor-grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-40372\">.e-loop-item-27981 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e42f654:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-27981 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e42f654 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/App.-Nr.-02-013-002-TFA-\u2013-thermoelectric-thin-film-\u2013-thermoelectric-properties-\u2013-metalsalloys-1-scaled.jpg\");}<\/style><style id=\"loop-40372\">.elementor-40372 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data-id=\"85067d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e42f654 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e42f654\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_translateY_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_translateY_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:4,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;background_motion_fx_translateY_affectedRange&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;end&quot;:100}},&quot;background_motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a844904 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a844904\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:150}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ff7418 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ff7418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TFA L59 - thermoelectric thin film - thermoelectric properties - metals and alloys<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd67c0c e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dd67c0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:600}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f958140 btn-fancy elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f958140\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/applications\/thin-film-technology__trashed\/tfa-thermoelectric-thin-film-thermoelectric-properties-semiconductor-pedotpss\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Application<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"Ebene_1\" data-name=\"Ebene 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 84 52\"><defs><clipPath 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fill=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"0\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46c7478 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"46c7478\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d1999 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"91d1999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"FAQ\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd91a22 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dd91a22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47736ed elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47736ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:250}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQ \u2013 Nanotechnology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bcf90b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0bcf90b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-535ac69 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"535ac69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e716a elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"b7e716a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1920\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1920\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Why do nanomaterials have different properties than bulk materials? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1920\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4df7610 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4df7610\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1920\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afe950 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5afe950\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4b48a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4b48a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"7703\" data-end=\"7820\">As the size of the structure decreases, the surface-to-volume ratio increases significantly. At the same time, interfacial effects and size-dependent transport mechanisms become more important. As a result, the thermal and electrical properties can differ significantly from those of the corresponding bulk material.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1921\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1921\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Which nanomaterials can be analyzed using LINSEIS systems? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1921\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b0dfe6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b0dfe6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1921\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5366d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f5366d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae41e03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae41e03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"11319\" data-end=\"11543\">Depending on the measurement method, it is possible to characterize, among other things, nanoparticles and nanopowders, nanostructured bulk materials, nanocomposites, semiconductor materials, as well as nanoscale functional layers and multilayer systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1922\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1922\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Why is thermal conductivity particularly interesting in the case of nanomaterials? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1922\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b60d937 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b60d937\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1922\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fa385b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0fa385b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170e736 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"170e736\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"11996\" data-end=\"12264\">Nanoscale structures can selectively influence heat transport. This is of interest, for example, in thermoelectric materials, where low thermal conductivity can be advantageous, or in electronic applications where heat must be dissipated as efficiently as possible. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1923\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1923\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What role do interfaces play in nanomaterials? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1923\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb1dc9e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb1dc9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf3966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cf3966\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"11996\" data-end=\"12264\">Due to their small structural dimensions, nanomaterials can have a very high density of interfaces. These interfaces influence the transport of heat and electric charge and can thus significantly determine the macroscopic properties of the entire material. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1924\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1924\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What electrical properties of nanomaterials can be studied? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1924\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-885fa76 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"885fa76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e80fc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e80fc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"12355\" data-end=\"12641\">Using appropriate measurement techniques, it is possible to determine, for example, electrical resistance, the Hall coefficient, charge carrier concentration, mobility, and the Seebeck coefficient. These parameters are particularly relevant for semiconductors, thermoelectric materials, and other functional nanomaterials. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1925\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1925\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What measurement methods are suitable for the thermal characterization of nanomaterials? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1925\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af4b751 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af4b751\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c081199 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c081199\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"12742\" data-end=\"13094\">The appropriate method depends heavily on the form of the material. Specialized thin-film techniques such as FDTR and 3-Omega are suitable for nanoscale layers and interfaces. Consolidated nanostructured bulk materials can be examined using LFA, for example, while STA provides information on thermal stability and reaction processes.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1926\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1926\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How does nanotechnology differ from thin-film analysis? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1926\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d98da85 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d98da85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ac772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ac772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\"><div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a3bbb1b-c78c-83eb-84b6-c49a16e3921c-3\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\"><section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a3bbb1b-c78c-83eb-84b6-c49a16e3921c-3\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a3bbb1b-c78c-83eb-84b6-c49a16e3921c-3\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-72\" data-turn=\"assistant\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-8 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"><div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"d7f42399-07ac-4b66-9415-84eaf64b43b1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-6\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"><div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full dark markdown-new-styling\"><p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"12651\" data-end=\"12985\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"13172\" data-end=\"13254\">Nanotechnology primarily describes the structural scale of a material<\/strong>, while thin-film analysis focuses on materials with thin layers. A thin film can be nanoscale, but it does not have to be. Conversely, nanomaterials can exist, for example, as nanoparticles, nanopowders, or nanostructured bulk materials and do not have to be thin films.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why do nanomaterials have different properties than bulk materials?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"As the size of the structure decreases, the surface-to-volume ratio increases significantly. At the same time, interfacial effects and size-dependent transport mechanisms become more important. 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Conversely, nanomaterials can exist, for example, as nanoparticles, nanopowders, or nanostructured bulk materials and do not have to be thin films.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":151676,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[146,942],"class_list":["post-151857","applikationen","type-applikationen","status-publish","hentry","category-applications","category-new-technologies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applikationen\/151857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applikationen"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/applikationen"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applikationen\/151857\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applikationen\/151676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=151857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}