{"id":128312,"date":"2026-05-28T10:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/?p=128312"},"modified":"2026-05-27T13:50:49","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T11:50:49","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%86-pur-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%86-pur-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646 (PUR): \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"128312\" class=\"elementor elementor-128312 elementor-128299\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b75441f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b75441f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35d541b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35d541b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97683da elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"97683da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__97683da\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__97683da\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__97683da\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d69a620 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d69a620\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f563fb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f563fb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (PUR). \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/applikationen\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%a1\/\"><strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 &#8211; \u064a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9\/%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7\/\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9\/%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%8a\/\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a\/\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 (\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c 2021).   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f25694 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3f25694\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70a90bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70a90bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e57f3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3e57f3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bfe25d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bfe25d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0648 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89c0869 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"89c0869\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"e-image-base e-21f92a0-4b1c716\" data-interaction-id=\"21f92a0\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-id=\"21f92a0\" id=\"128308\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Soft-and-Hard-Segment-Morphology-in-Polyurethane-PUR.png\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Soft-and-Hard-Segment-Morphology-in-Polyurethane-PUR.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Soft-and-Hard-Segment-Morphology-in-Polyurethane-PUR-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Soft-and-Hard-Segment-Morphology-in-Polyurethane-PUR-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Soft-and-Hard-Segment-Morphology-in-Polyurethane-PUR-768x512.png 768w\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (PUR) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c 2006). \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (TPU) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (TPU) \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 (ScienceDirect\u060c 2021).  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72b4575 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"72b4575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b982d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b982d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92f5197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"92f5197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5df331d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5df331d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 PUR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 (PMC NCBI\u060c 2023). \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 NCO \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a (Gantrade\u060c 2021).   <\/p><p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 65 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 900% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ACS Applied Materials &#038; Interfaces\u060c 2023). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c348815 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c348815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95aac46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95aac46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dd2e47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6dd2e47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a18f69c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a18f69c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c 2006).  <\/p><p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1632185 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1632185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6035da elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d6035da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc80029 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc80029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 PUR \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a TGA \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 (PMC NCBI\u060c 2023). \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 PUR \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 PUR \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.  <\/p><p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 (PMC NCBI\u060c 2023). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7225d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c7225d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c36fea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c36fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a: \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e0a422 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0e0a422\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b2fdfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b2fdfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0640 PUR \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 Tg\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 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\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (Tg)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644) (\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c 2006).  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5093464 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5093464\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"e-image-base e-04f427c-617bc41\" data-interaction-id=\"04f427c\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-id=\"04f427c\"  id=\"128309\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Thermal-Transitions-and-Glass-Transition-Behavior-of-Polyurethane-PUR.png\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Thermal-Transitions-and-Glass-Transition-Behavior-of-Polyurethane-PUR.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Thermal-Transitions-and-Glass-Transition-Behavior-of-Polyurethane-PUR-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Thermal-Transitions-and-Glass-Transition-Behavior-of-Polyurethane-PUR-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Thermal-Transitions-and-Glass-Transition-Behavior-of-Polyurethane-PUR-768x512.png 768w\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (PUR) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.\"\/>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53bfd8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53bfd8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a477b16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a477b16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f6d72f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f6d72f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 PUR<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c43d94c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c43d94c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d70752 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d70752\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a PUR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (PMC NCBI\u060c 2019):<\/p><p><b>\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/b> (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a): \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p><p><b>\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/b> (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634): \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/p><p><b>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (TPU)<\/b>: \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a &#8211; \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p><p><b>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/b>: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 (ACS Applied Materials &#038; Interfaces\u060c 2023). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422900a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"422900a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbc2c25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbc2c25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a180a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8a180a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-999f90a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"999f90a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 TPU \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (PMC NCBI\u060c 2019\u061b ACS Applied Materials &#038; Interfaces\u060c 2023).  <\/p><p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 (Gantrade\u060c 2021). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-924a723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"924a723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"e-image-base e-f89fd02-06e6602\" data-interaction-id=\"f89fd02\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-id=\"f89fd02\"  id=\"128310\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Typical-Applications-of-Polyurethane-PUR.png\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Typical-Applications-of-Polyurethane-PUR.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Typical-Applications-of-Polyurethane-PUR-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Typical-Applications-of-Polyurethane-PUR-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Typical-Applications-of-Polyurethane-PUR-768x512.png 768w\" alt=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (PUR) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631.\"\/>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65a834b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65a834b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38caaa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"38caaa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f035334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f035334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb1f959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fb1f959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0d21b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0d21b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a\/sta-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86\/\"><strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TGA-DSC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u0644\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/p><p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 STA \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 PUR \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a\/l40-ega-ftir\/\"><strong>FTIR<\/strong><\/a> \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a\/l40-ega-gcms\/\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/a> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/p><p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 PUR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3a8b8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d3a8b8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d311197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d311197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc5a2c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bc5a2c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec0ae5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ec0ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c 2021: <\/strong>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646: \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gantrade.com\/blog\/polyurethane-properties-tailoring-pur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.gantrade.com\/blog\/polyurethane-properties-tailoring-pur<\/a><\/p><p><strong>DOE OSTI, 2006: <\/strong>U.S. DOE OSTI: \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/biblio\/914331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/biblio\/914331<\/a><\/p><p><strong>ScienceDirect\u060c 2021: <\/strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646. ScienceDirect\/Construction and Building Materials.   <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0950061821001483\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0950061821001483<\/a><\/p><p><strong>PMC NCBI\u060c 2023: <\/strong>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a MDPI: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. PMC\/NCBI. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10536526\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10536526\/<\/a> <\/p><p><strong>ACS Applied Materials &#038; Interfaces\u060c 2023: <\/strong>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a ACS.   <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.2c23317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.2c23317<\/a><\/p><p><strong>PMC NCBI\u060c 2019: <\/strong>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a MDPI: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646. PMC\/NCBI. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7022708\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7022708\/<\/a> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (PUR). \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 &#8211; \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":128311,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[711],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-128312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-711"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128312"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128312\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/128311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=128312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=128312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}