{"id":111267,"date":"2025-12-18T07:14:26","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T06:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/?p=111267"},"modified":"2026-01-26T13:53:15","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T12:53:15","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9\/%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"111267\" class=\"elementor elementor-111267 elementor-111229\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b75441f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b75441f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35d541b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35d541b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97683da elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"97683da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__97683da\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__97683da\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__97683da\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6854051 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6854051\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30dbdc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"30dbdc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f563fb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f563fb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/?post_type=applikationen&#038;p=115045\"><strong>\u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CFRP) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f 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\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 2015\u061b \u062f\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634 2018).  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89c0869 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"89c0869\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f89eb30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f89eb30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f5a88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"36f5a88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-035f339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"035f339\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/?page_id=105013\"><strong>\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u03b1)<\/strong><\/a>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629: \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u03b1 \u2248 11.5-13.1 \u00d7 10-\u2076 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u00b9\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u03b1 \u2248 22-25 \u00d7 10-\u2076 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u00b9. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 45-200 \u00d7 \u00d7 10- \u00d7 10-\u2076 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646\u00b9\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 -1.0 \u06481.5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 65 \u00d7 10- \u00d7 10-\u2076 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646\u00b9 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.  <\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 (\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634 2018).<br>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 -40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a (Tg) \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (DFR Solutions n.d.). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac9afd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ac9afd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b982d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b982d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5df331d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5df331d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u03b1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0634\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 2015\u061b NPL 1999).   <br>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CFRP)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 (Dietrich 2018). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-636a704 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"636a704\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3e057f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c3e057f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1443f70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1443f70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcd72b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1dcd72b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a2ebce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a2ebce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac47d19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ac47d19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d274b60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d274b60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/217-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111253\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/217-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/217-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/217-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/217.png 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c36fea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c36fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b2fdfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b2fdfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (SIM) \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c (SSM) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (NPL 1999).  <br>\u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5ee356 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b5ee356\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba8bbc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ba8bbc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3201b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3201b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb315fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"eb315fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f928c96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f928c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/?page_id=105013\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 2015\u061b \u062f\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634 2018).<br>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1476360 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1476360\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db12fe6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db12fe6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49e1970 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49e1970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a (DFR Solutions n.d.; NPL 1999).   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08989f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"08989f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7d71d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f7d71d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d213245 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d213245\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87cc9b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87cc9b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <g id=\"gid_0\"><g id=\"gid_1\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/g><\/g>, <g id=\"gid_2\"><g id=\"gid_3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (TMA)<\/g><\/g> \u0648 <g id=\"gid_4\"><g id=\"gid_5\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/g><\/g> \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 2015\u061b DFR Solutions\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e).   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85db9ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"85db9ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e871ffd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e871ffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96597bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96597bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af33c7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"af33c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1083f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1083f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (Dietrich 2018\u061b NPL 1999\u061b DFR Solutions n.d.). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62fc32d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"62fc32d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fd8e5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5fd8e5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efdf12b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efdf12b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc5a2c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bc5a2c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec0ae5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ec0ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0631. (2018).  <em>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/em>  \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: <a href=\"https:\/\/mediatum.ub.tum.de\/1393107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/mediatum.ub.tum.de\/1393107<\/a> <\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (2015). <em>\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/em> \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/european-aluminium.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/11-joining-dissimilar-materials_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/european-aluminium.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/11-joining-dissimilar-materials_2015.pdf<\/a><\/p><p>NPL (1999). <em>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629.<\/em> \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/237635154\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/237635154<\/a><\/p><p>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 DFR (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). <em>\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/em> \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ekwb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-Temperature-Cycling-and-Fatigue-in-Electronics-White-Paper-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ekwb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/1-Temperature-Cycling-and-Fatigue-in-Electronics-White-Paper-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cec7d2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cec7d2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CFRP) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":111242,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[711],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-711"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111267\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}