{"id":104813,"date":"2024-07-18T08:35:45","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T06:35:45","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2026-01-26T14:39:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T13:39:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"104813\" class=\"elementor elementor-104813 elementor-10563\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eb8745 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9eb8745\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5239a1 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"f5239a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__f5239a1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__f5239a1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__f5239a1\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffaef65 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffaef65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.  \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a [\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021].<\/p><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 &#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 [Mahapatra et al., 2021]. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 TGA \u0648 DSC \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eac9a92 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eac9a92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biomasse_Hackschnitzel-1-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-31982\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biomasse_Hackschnitzel-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biomasse_Hackschnitzel-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biomasse_Hackschnitzel-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biomasse_Hackschnitzel-1.png 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-039b6a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"039b6a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2406cd4 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2406cd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 [Barot\u060c 2022]: <\/p>\n<ul class=\"marker:text-quiet list-disc\">\n<li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\">\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\">\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\">\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0636\u062c\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 [\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c 2025].  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d73d8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0d73d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"709\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biofuels_Zeichenflaeche-1-1024x908-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-31986\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biofuels_Zeichenflaeche-1-1024x908-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biofuels_Zeichenflaeche-1-1024x908-1-300x266.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Biofuels_Zeichenflaeche-1-1024x908-1-768x681.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c444b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15c444b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b62ec29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b62ec29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-577bcd6 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"577bcd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 &#8211; \u0643\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a [\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c 2025]. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 [DBFZ, 2025]. <\/p><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f [Mahapatra et al., 2021]. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db92fc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db92fc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8a5bf5 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8a5bf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"marker:text-quiet list-disc\"><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629: \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a: \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631&#8221; [Barot, 2022][Mahapatra et al., 2021].<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69f28e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69f28e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a: TGA\u060c DSC \u0648EGA<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60fdf68 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60fdf68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629:<\/p><ul class=\"marker:text-quiet list-disc\"><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/messgeraete\/tga-thermogravimetrie\/\">\n  <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (TGA):<\/strong>\n<\/a> \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/messgroessen\/masseaenderung\/\">\n  <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/a>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632\/\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f [\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021][\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c 2025]. <\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/messgeraete\/dsc-dynamische-differenz-kalorimetrie\/\">\n  <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a (DSC):<\/strong>\n<\/a> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/messgroessen\/spezifische-waermekapazitaet\/\">\n  <strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/a> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wissen\/endotherme-vs-exotherme-reaktionen\/\">\n  <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/a> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 [Barot\u060c 2022].<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/messgeraete\/zusatzgeraete-support\/ega-gasanalyse\/\">\n  <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 (EGA):<\/strong>\n<\/a> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/messgeraete\/zusatzgeraete-support\/ega-gcms\/\">\n  <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646<\/strong>\n<\/a> \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/messgeraete\/zusatzgeraete-support\/l40-ega-ftir\/\">\n  <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\n<\/a>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><br>\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-950f68a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"950f68a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633: \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c799983 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c799983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0640<\/p><ul class=\"marker:text-quiet list-disc\"><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><b>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/b> (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629,<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><b>\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f,<\/b> <\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><b>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/b> \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 <b>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/b> \u0623\u0648 <b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629<\/b>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><br>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c [\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c 2025].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9005ea0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9005ea0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0572661 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0572661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASTM E1131 (\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u0648 ASTM E1641 (\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0627-\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646-\u0648\u0627\u0644) \u0648 E2008 (\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce08ac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce08ac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c359ec elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c359ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p><ul class=\"marker:text-quiet list-disc\"><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629,<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629,<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629,<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 [\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021][DBFZ, 2025].<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcf73dd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bcf73dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/iStock-1304283003-1024x683-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-31990\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/iStock-1304283003-1024x683-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/iStock-1304283003-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/iStock-1304283003-1024x683-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67ad6a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"67ad6a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u061f <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1080\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57202dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57202dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf12f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faf12f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 [\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1081\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1081\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1081\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dd524f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4dd524f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cda301a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cda301a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 [Barot, 2022][Linseis, 2025].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1082\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1082\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u061f <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1082\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cebc37a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cebc37a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ed3ebe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ed3ebe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 [DBFZ, 2025][\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021]. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1083\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1083\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u061f <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1083\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-701849e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"701849e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bee98f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bee98f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Linseis \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 [Linseis, 2025].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\u0645\\u0627 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0630\\u064a \\u064a\\u0645\\u064a\\u0632 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u062a\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u064a\\u0648\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0639\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0648\\u0642\\u0648\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u062d\\u0641\\u0648\\u0631\\u064a\\u061f\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u062a\\u0623\\u062a\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u062a\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u064a\\u0648\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0645\\u0648\\u0627\\u0631\\u062f \\u0645\\u062a\\u062c\\u062f\\u062f\\u0629 \\u0648\\u062a\\u0633\\u0627\\u0647\\u0645 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u062f\\u0627\\u0626\\u0631\\u064a\\u060c \\u0628\\u064a\\u0646\\u0645\\u0627 \\u064a\\u0639\\u062a\\u0645\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0648\\u0642\\u0648\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u062d\\u0641\\u0648\\u0631\\u064a \\u0639\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0631\\u0648\\u0627\\u0633\\u0628 \\u0645\\u062d\\u062f\\u0648\\u062f\\u0629 [\\u0639\\u062b\\u0645\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0648\\u0622\\u062e\\u0631\\u0648\\u0646\\u060c 2021].\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\u0645\\u0627 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u064a\\u0645\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0636\\u0627\\u0641\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u064a \\u064a\\u0642\\u062f\\u0645\\u0647\\u0627 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u062d\\u0644\\u064a\\u0644 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\\u064a \\u0641\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0645\\u0627\\u0631\\u0633\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0639\\u0645\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629\\u061f\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u0641\\u0647\\u064a \\u062a\\u062a\\u064a\\u062d \\u0645\\u0631\\u0627\\u0642\\u0628\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062c\\u0648\\u062f\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062f\\u0642\\u064a\\u0642\\u0629 \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u062b\\u0648\\u0642\\u0629 \\u0648\\u062a\\u062d\\u0633\\u064a\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0639\\u0645\\u0644\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a \\u0648\\u062a\\u0637\\u0648\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0646\\u062a\\u062c\\u0627\\u062a \\u0648\\u0639\\u0645\\u0644\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a \\u062c\\u062f\\u064a\\u062f\\u0629 &#8211; \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0648\\u0642\\u0648\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u064a\\u0648\\u064a \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u062d\\u0644\\u0648\\u0644 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u0627\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0628\\u062a\\u0643\\u0631\\u0629 [Barot, 2022][Linseis, 2025].\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\u0645\\u0627 \\u0645\\u062f\\u0649 \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u062f\\u0627\\u0645\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u062a\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u064a\\u0648\\u064a\\u0629 \\u062d\\u0642\\u064b\\u0627\\u061f\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u062a\\u0639\\u062a\\u0645\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u062f\\u0627\\u0645\\u0629 \\u0639\\u0644\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0643\\u0627\\u0645\\u0644 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0638\\u0627\\u0645 \\u0648\\u062c\\u0648\\u0627\\u0646\\u0628 \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u062e\\u062f\\u0627\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0631\\u0627\\u0636\\u064a \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0639\\u0645\\u0644\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u062f\\u0627\\u0626\\u0631\\u064a\\u0629. \\u062a\\u0623\\u062e\\u0630 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0642\\u064a\\u064a\\u0645\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u062f\\u064a\\u062b\\u0629 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0639\\u062a\\u0628\\u0627\\u0631 \\u062f\\u0648\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u064a\\u0627\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0627\\u0645\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0623\\u062b\\u064a\\u0631\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u064a\\u0626\\u064a\\u0629 [DBFZ, 2025][\\u0645\\u0627\\u0647\\u0627\\u0628\\u0627\\u062a\\u0631\\u0627 \\u0648\\u0622\\u062e\\u0631\\u0648\\u0646\\u060c 2021].\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\u0645\\u0627 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062f\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0630\\u064a \\u062a\\u0644\\u0639\\u0628\\u0647 \\u062a\\u0643\\u0646\\u0648\\u0644\\u0648\\u062c\\u064a\\u0627 \\u0644\\u064a\\u0646\\u0633\\u064a\\u0633 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u064a\\u0648\\u064a\\u061f\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u062a\\u0642\\u062f\\u0645 \\u0634\\u0631\\u0643\\u0629 Linseis \\u0623\\u062f\\u0648\\u0627\\u062a \\u0645\\u062a\\u0642\\u062f\\u0645\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u062a\\u062d\\u0644\\u064a\\u0644 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\\u064a \\u0644\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u0627\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u062e\\u0627\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u064a\\u0648\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0646\\u0634\\u0623\\u060c \\u0648\\u0628\\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0627\\u0644\\u064a \\u062a\\u062a\\u064a\\u062d \\u062a\\u0637\\u0648\\u064a\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0644\\u0648\\u0644 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0623\\u0628\\u062d\\u0627\\u062b \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0646\\u0627\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0648\\u0636\\u0645\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062c\\u0648\\u062f\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u064a\\u0626\\u064a\\u0629 [Linseis, 2025].\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeb9cf5 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eeb9cf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:\n\n\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d20d592 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d20d592\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625. \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648. \u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (2021): \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629. Energy &amp; Environmental Science, Vol. 19, pp. 4075-4118.  <\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Sangita Mahapatra, Dilip Kumar, Brajesh Singh, Pravin Kumar Sachan (2021): \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. Energy Nexus, Vol.  4, 100036.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a (2022): \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 9. <\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">DBFZ &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (2025): \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: <a class=\"break-word hover:text-super hover:decoration-super underline decoration-from-font underline-offset-1 transition-all duration-300\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dbfz.de\/forschung\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">www.dbfz.de\/forschung<\/a> <\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Linseis Messger\u00e4te GmbH (2025): \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: <a class=\"break-word hover:text-super hover:decoration-super underline decoration-from-font underline-offset-1 transition-all duration-300\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linseis.com\/wissen\/biomasse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">www.linseis.com\/wissen\/biomasse\/<\/a> <\/p><\/li><li class=\"py-0 my-0 prose-p:pt-0 prose-p:mb-2 prose-p:my-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:pt-0 [&amp;&gt;p]:mb-2 [&amp;&gt;p]:my-0\"><p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 (2025): \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: <a class=\"break-word hover:text-super hover:decoration-super underline decoration-from-font underline-offset-1 transition-all duration-300\" href=\"http:\/\/www.berlin.de\/klimaschutz\/waermewende\/biomasse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">www.berlin.de\/klimaschutz\/waermewende\/biomasse\/<\/a> <\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1867eae elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1867eae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de92e48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"de92e48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":33289,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[711],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-711"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104813"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104813\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linseis.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}